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Biopsych - Neural basis of emotions (Y2) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Darwin's theory of the evolution of emotion (1872) -
        
        Focuses on the outward expression of emotion
        
        Proposes that these are -
        -> A product of evolution - similarities across species
        -> Innate
        -> Serviceable - have a practical function
        -> Communicative function - enable interpretation of other emotions
        
        Principle of antithesis - opposite messages are often signalled by opposite movements and postures
      - Phineas Gage -
        
        Prefrontal cortex is important for emotion - accident in which a metal rod went through his skull and destroyed his left frontal lobe
        
        Survived and could still walk, speak and had normal awareness, but behaviour radically changed - no planning, impulsive, short-tempered, terrible social judgement
        
        Other studies of this damage to frontal lobe show same pattern
        
        PFC connected to amygdala, and so lesions would mean PFC cannot regulate amygdala leading to inappropriate and impulsive behaviour
- - - - Amygdala lesions -
        
        Worse at recognising facial expressions of negative emotions (Adolphs et al, 2001)
        
        Display less intense negative emotions (Tranel et al, 2006)
        
        Show less emotional arousal to negative pictures (Berntson et al, 2007)
        
        Amygdala seems to be important for arousal component of emotional processing - signals to hypothalamus the fight or flight response
        
        Kluver-Bucy Syndrome - monkeys with lesions to amygdala and surrounding regions result in unusual tameness and lack of fear (Pribram et al, 1954)
        -> Removal of anterior-temporal lobes results in consuming anything edible, increased sexual activity directed at inappropriate objects, a tendency to repeatedly investigate familiar objects, a tendency to investigated objects with the mouth and a lack of fear
        
        Part of limbic system
        
        Emotional memory formation - amygdala-lesioned mice do not form memories associated with fear-inducing events