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Bonding - Coggle Diagram
Bonding
Covalent
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Diatomic molecules are the same element bonded with itself (e.g. all halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen.)
The bonding in these molecules can be modelled by using a dot and cross diagram, in which the outer shell of an atom is drawn as a circle, the circles overlap each other where there is a covalent bond, and the electrons from one atom are drawn as dots and the electrons from the other atom are crosses.
A molecule can either be an element (if its atoms are the same non-metals), or a compound (if its atoms are different non-metals).
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A simple molecule can be modelled by drawing its structure, in which these models show each atom by its element symbol and each covalent bond as a straight line.
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Ionic
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Empirical formula given by how many elements there are - For example;
Only one for first 2 and then 1 Ca and 2 F for last.
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Allotropes
Strong intermolecular forces between the polymer molecules so they have a higher melting and boiling point and tend to be solids at room temperature.
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Graphite - Each carbon atom forms bonds with 3 (1 is delocalised) others to make layers of hexagonal rings.
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Nanoparticles
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Fullerenes
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Used for drug delivery, lubricants and reinforcing materials
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