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Paper 1 chemistry revision, Chat - Coggle Diagram
Paper 1 chemistry revision
Year 9
Atoms
Radius of Atoms is 1x10^-10 and the radius of nucleus is 1x10^-14
Subatomic particles
Neutrons
No charge and relative mass is 1
Later discovered by James Chadwick
Electrons
-1 charge and Relative mass is 1/2000 so we count that as 0
Discovered by J.J. Thomson who created the Plum Pudding Model
Protons
+1 charge and Relative mass is 1
Discovered by Ernest Rutherford who have created the Nuclear Model with his student Ernest Marden conducted the famous Alpha particle experiment!
Year 10
C2 structure and bonding
Ionic bonding
Ionic formulae
Group 1 ions have a +1 charge
Group 2 ions have a +2 charge
Group 3 ions have a +3 charge
Group 5 ions have a -3 charge
Group 6 ions have a -2 charge
Group 7 ions have a -1 charge
How ionic bonding works
Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and a non metal
Example: sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)
Sodium is in group 1, so for it to get a full outermost shell of electrons, it needs to lose 1 electron
Chlorine is in group 7, so for it to get a full outermost shell of electrons, it needs to gain 1 electron
So sodium loses 1 electron and becomes a positive 1+ ion
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Definitions
Ion = a charged particle
Cation = a positively charged ion
Anion = a negatively charged ion
Onion = a vegetable nothing to do with chemistry ;)
Exam questions you might get
:warning: THIS LIST IS IN NO WAY EXHAUSTIVE :warning:
Describe the structure and bonding of an ionic compound. (Also phrased as: describe the structure and bonding of [insert ionic compound name here]) [prolly 2 marks]
As a solid, giant ionic compounds are arranged in a giant ionic lattice
and there is a strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
(the metal loses electrons and the non metal gains electrons)
Do they have a high or low boiling point? (Explain your answer) [prolly like 2 marks]
They have a high boiling point
because there is a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged particles
that requires a lot of energy to overcome
Do they conduct electricity? Explain why/why not. (Prolly like 4 marks, max)
As a solid — no
because the ions are arranged in a giant ionic lattice, so there are no charged particles that
are free to move and carry an electrical current
as a liquid or a solution — yes
because the ions are free to move and carry a current
Covalent bonding
Definitions
A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons. It’s very strong!!
A double covalent bond is where they share 4 electrons (eg oxygen). It’s really very strong!!
A triple covalent bond is where they share 6 electrons. It’s really really very strong
(no one saw that one coming :face_with_rolling_eyes:)
Happens between two non metals
Uhhhh I think that’s it???
Giant covalent structures
Diamond
:ring::large_blue_diamond:
Look up a photo of the diamond structure
Its made up of carbon atoms (the chunky dots) which have four covalent bonds each (the skinny lines)
ITS A GIANT LATTICE* STRUCTURE
*lattice = regular arrangement of particles
This makes it super strong
Table of stuff which helps you answer those two markers:
“Diamond is dijfgbijdfbgiudfbv. Explain why”
or
”Is diamond dfviubdfuib? Explain your answer”
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Graphite
:pencil2:
Look up a photo of the structure of graphite NOT GRAPHENE
It’s arranged in layers
the carbon atoms have three covalent bonds each
There are delocalised electrons that move between the layers, if they aren’t in the diagram screen grab it and annotate the screenshot because this is important to know for exam qus
There are weak bonds between the layers
Property of graphite
Soft
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Why?
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Be prepared to answer exam questions like graphite is [property] and diamond is not explain why
or diamond is [something -er] than graphite explain why
the question might also have something like you must refer to structure in your answer
Giant metallic structures
Properties
Why?
High melting and boiling points
Good electrical and thermal (heat) conductivity
Malleable (can be shaped)
Ductile (can be made into wires)
Hard and strong
Made up of positive metal ions and delocalised negative electrons
Aj and Lee what topic do you want to do c1,c3,c4 or c5
I’ll do C2 structure and bonding
This is Lee can I do C6? It’s spread across yr 9 and yr 10 tho so not sure where I’d put it
hi Lee it’s Valerie, c6 is paper 2 stuff
ill make a different Coggle for that
Guys I’m just saying but we should totally make one of these for every lesson we share- we’re like REALLY good at this
YES :smiley:
We all do English lit, English language, maths, chemistry, physics
Lee and I both do drama and biology
Aj and I both do product design
Ohhhhhhh
thas cool- if I’m honest I have literally no idea how the exams work lol
Basically it would be really mean to make us gcse students do like a 7 hour exam with all the topics so it’s split into 2 exams paper one which has the first five (C1,C2,C3,C4 and C5) and paper two which has all the other topics in it (C6 and onwards)
Chat
Guys pick a colour each and we can make this bit a chat
This is Valerie, I’m purple now
Also if I’ve missed anything pls add it and correct any mistakes
Should I add Aayan Aidan and Jason too?
That would make sense- I think they’d be nice to have on here
morning
Hi, this is Aidan
Can everyone please pick a topic of chemistry to make notes for?
I’m doing C2 structure and bonding
Aidan are you doing the history of the atom stuff?
(C1 — atomic structure)
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