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Alternations and Modifications of Speech Sounds in English - Coggle Diagram
Alternations and Modifications of Speech Sounds in English
Alternations of Sounds
Alternation refers to variations in sound within words or grammatical forms.
Consonant Alternations:
Examples include send - sent or advice - advise.
Vowel and Consonant Alternations
: Examples include live - life or bath - bathe.
Vowel Alternations
: Examples include mean - meant - meant or sing - sang - sung.
Contextual Alternations
: Changes based on context, with a focus on the relationship between phonemes and morphemes.
Phonemic Neutralization
: Occurs when distinctive features are lost in certain positions.
Contextual Alternations and Morphophonology
Morphophonology:
Studies the interaction between phonology and morphology.
Phonemic Neutralization:
Two sounds that usually contrast become non-contrastive in specific environments.
Morphological vs. Phonological Schools:
Moscow School: Emphasizes neutralization within morphemes.
Leningrad School: Maintains that phonemes do not lose their distinctive features.
Modifications of Sounds
Elision
: Complete loss of sounds, like the loss of h in have.
Assimilation:
Sound change due to a neighboring sound (e.g., eighth, thank).
Insertion
: Addition of sounds, like the linking r in car owner.
Accommodation:
Consonant and vowel adjustments, such as lip rounding in pool.
Reduction:
Weakening of vowels in unstressed positions.
Stages of Articulation:
Retention
: The middle stage where sound is held.
Off-glide:
The final stage, where the sound is released.
On-glide
: Initial stage of sound formation.
Types of Junctions:
Interpenetration of Stages
: Occurs with similar consonants.
Merging of Stages
: Used for simpler sound transitions.