Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Skeletal - Izabella Gendorf P:5 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal - Izabella Gendorf P:5
NAMES OF BONES
MAxilla - above lip/around nose
Frontal - forehead
Occipital - back of head
Squamos Suture - line on side of head
Coronal Suture - hair line
Vomer - tip of nose
Palatine
lambdoid - line on back of head
temporal - side of head
Mandible - jaw
Zygomatic - cheek bone
parietal bone - top of head
Sphenoid - indent on side of head
Mandibular Fossa - Sides of mandible ( jaw)
clavicle - collar bone
Scapula - shoulder blade
RIbs
Sternum - connected to clavicle and ribs
False ribs & floating ribs
false ribs - ribs at the botton
true ribs - ribs connected to sternum
Humerus- upper arm
ulna & radius
Femur - upper leg
Tibia & Fibula
patella - knee cap
Carpals(tarsals) / Metacarpals(tarsals) / Phalanges
Talus & Calcaneous
cervicle vertebrae 7
Vertebrae 12
lumbar vertebrae 5
TYPES OF BONES
Short bones - carpals,tarsals
Irregular bones - vertebrae
Long bones - femur,humerus
Flat bones - sternum
ANATOMY OF LONG BONE
Tibia - shin bone
Patella - knee cap
femur - thigh bone
Fibula - bone on the side of tibia
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF BONE TISSUE
BONE REMODELING
adjacent osteoblasts/clasts coordinate remodeling process
resorption - osteoclasts (dig deoressions as they break down matrix) secrete lysosmal enzymes and proteins - digest matrix
occurs at surfaces of both periosteum and endosteum
BONE FRACTURE REPAIR
Open (compound) - skin is penetrated
Closed (simple) - skin is not penetrated
Incomplete - not broken all the way through
Communited - 3 or more pieces
Complete - broken all the way through
Compression - bone is crushed
Spiral - ragged break occurs (curve)
Epiphyseal - epiphysis separates from diaphysis
Depressed - broken bone is pressed inward
Greenstick - bone breaks incompletely
Normal - no fractures
Transverse - split directly in half
Oblique - split at and angle (top goes down,down goes up)
Avulsion - split into 2 and separated
Impacted - crushed bones
Fissure - scratched and chipped but no visible fracture
Greenstick - chipped
JOINTS & (ex of each type)
Cartilaginous Joints - Synchondroses (bar or plate of hyaline CARTILAGE) Symphyses (fibrocartilage unites bones)
Synovial Joints - bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity -plane -hinge -pivot -condylar -saddle -ball-and-socket
Fibrous Joints - sutures (interlocking joints) Syndesmoses (bones connected by ligaments) Gomphoses (peg-in-socket)
MOVEMENTS ALLOWED BY SYNOVIAL JOINTS
Insertion - attachment to movable bone
RANGE OF MOTION
Uniaxial - movements in one place
Biaxial - movement in two planes
Multiaxial - movement in or around all three planes
Nonaxial - slipping movements only
3 TYPES
Angular - increase/decrease angle
Flexion - decreases the angle of the joint
Extension - increases the angle
Hyperextension - movement beyond the anatomical position
Abduction - movement along frontal plane, away from midline
Adduction - movement along frontal plane, toward the midline
Circumduction - involves flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction of limb
Gliding - flat bones glides over another similar surface
-intercarpal joints -intertarsal joints -between articular process of vertebrae
Rotation - turning of bone around its own long axis, toward midline/away from it
Medial - rotation toward midline
Lateral - rotation away from midline
Special - rotation of radius and ulna
Dorsiflexion - bending foot toward shin
Plantar Flexion - pointing toes
Pronation - palms face posteriorly (RADIUS ROTATES OVER ULNA)
Inversion - sole of foot faces medially
Supination - palms face anteriorly (RADIUS AND ULNA ARE PARALLEL)
Eversion - sole of foot faces laterally
Protraction - mandible just out
Retraction - mandible is pulled toward neck
Elevation - lifting body part superiorly (SHRUGGING SHOULDERS)
Depression - lowering body part (OPENING JAW)
Opposition - movement of thumb (TOUCHING THUMB TO ANY OTHER TIPS OF FINGERS ON SAME HAND)
Origin - attachment to immovable bone
MALE vs FEMALE SKELETON
Female - both inlet and outlet are larger and circle shaped
Male - inlet and outlet are squished and smaller
Based on Patient
DISORDERS AND DISEASES
Rickets (osteomalacia - children) - bowed legs - bone ends are enlarged and abnormally long
-vitamin D insufficiency
Osteoporosis (group of diseases) - spongy bone - spine and neck of femur
-hip fractures are normal
Osteomalacia - vitamin D deficiency - bones are poorly mineralized (soft weak bones)
pain upon bearing weight
Paget's disease (pagetic bone) - occurs in spine, pelvis, femur, and skull (rarely occurs before age 40)
