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Productive Cough, Learning Issues - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Pathogens enter the lungs
        
        Risk factors
        
        Inhalation of streptococcus pneumoniae
        
        Recruitment of neutrophil (increase leukocytes)
        
        Release of cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin 8, and interleukin 10)
        
        Respiratory tract inflammation
        
        Chest pain
        
        Increase permeability of air sac lining
        
        Leakage of puss and fluid into the alveoli
        
        2 more items...
        
        Fever
        
        Increased sputum production
        
        Inflammation induced capillary damage
        
        Erythrocyte extravasation
        
        1 more item...
        
        Virulence factors
      - Epidemiology
      - Etiology
      - Prevention & education
      - Treatment & Management
    - - The presence of productive cough and lung consolidation leans toward bacterial infection (pneumonia) rather than viral influenza.
    - - Acute onset with severe symptoms in a short period is less consistent with TBC.
  - - - productive cough with yellow, blood-streaked phlegm and fever is uncommon unless secondary infection is present.
    - - Exposure to allergens can cause respiratory distress but typically without fever or a productive cough with colored phlegm.
  - - - does not cause fever, productive cough, or infection-like symptoms.
  - - - not typically present with fever, productive cough, or lung consolidation.
    - - Respiratory issues in MS are rare and usually occur later in the disease course. Fever and productive cough are not typical.
  - - - Would present with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath but not productive cough, fever, or chills.
    - - The absence of sudden choking or onset of symptoms suggests this is not the cause.
  - - - These congenital conditions usually present earlier in life and are associated with chronic symptoms. Acute infection with fever and productive cough is more likely to be due to pneumonia.
    - - These congenital conditions usually present earlier in life and are associated with chronic symptoms. Acute infection with fever and productive cough is more likely to be due to pneumonia.
  - - - Smoking is a risk factor, but the acute onset of fever and cough with phlegm points more toward an infectious etiology like pneumonia.
  - - - While PE can cause difficulty breathing and pleuritic chest pain, fever and productive cough with yellow phlegm are not typical. Lab findings and imaging are more indicative of infection.
    - - The yellow phlegm and fever are more consistent with an infectious etiology. more likely in a patient with a history of heart disease.
- - - - Pulmo
        
        Percussion
        
        Dull on right, sonor on left
        
        Inspection
        
        Intercostal retraction
        
        Auscultation
        
        Vesicular breathing sound weakened on lower right lung with wet ronchi sounds
        
        No wheezing
        
        Palpation
        
        Tactile fremitus on right lung felt harden than left
  - - - Leukocyte 14.5k/microliter (normal 4-11k)
      - Neutrofil 78% (normal 50-70%)
    - - Sputum
        
        Gram stain
        
        Leukosit >10 sel/LPB
        
        Gram positive diplococcus +4 found
        
        Culture growth
        
        Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria found
        
        Ziehl Nielsen
        
        Preparat tidak menunjukkan gambaran batang merah cerah pada latar belakang biru
        atau hijau.
      - Blood culture
        
        No growth after 5 days
    - - 3,5 mg/dl (normal 0-1)
    - - 40mm/ hour (normal 0-15)