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unit 4.4 - Coggle Diagram
unit 4.4
effects of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline
exerted via adrenergic receptors:
alpha receptors
and
beta receptors
raise BP
stimulate respiration
dilate bronchi ad bronchioles
suppress digestive system
increase oxygen consumption
increase blood glucose
sweating
dilate pupils
dilate arteries
Adrenal medulla
neuroendocrine gland
regulated by sympathetic nervous system
produce 2 hormones
hormones collectively known as
catecholamines
(modified amino acids)
catecholamines:
adrenaline
or
epinephrine
and
noradrenaline
or
norepinephrine
Adrenal glands
located at top of each kidney
consists of: outer cortex & inner medulla
medulla is made of nervous tissue
cortex is made of glandular tissue
Disorders of adrenal gland
Addison's disease
low activity of adrenal gland
due to destruction of adrenals
aldosterone and cortisol deficient
hyperpigmentation due to excess melanin
loss of sodium & water
low BP, muscle weakness, nausea and vomiting
hypoglycaemia
Cushing's syndrome
hyper secretion of glucocorticoids (excess cortisol)
due to adrenal tumour or excess corticotropin/ACTH
hyperglycaemia, glycosuria
obesity, abnormal fat distribution
muscle wasting, osteoporosis, kidney stones
Conn's syndrome
high secretion of aldosterone
due to cortical tumour
hypertension
hypernatremia and hypokalaemia
Adrenogenital syndrome
overproduction of androgens
hypergonadism
precocious puberty
muscle development from early age in boys
masculine body build, hair distribution, deep voice in girls
Adrenal cortex
3 zones / layers
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
3 steroid hormones:
glomerulosa: mineralocorticoids
fasciculata: glucocorticoids
reticularis: sex hormones