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Well-Crafted Arguments - Coggle Diagram
Well-Crafted Arguments
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Partial Checklist:
Warning: Do not assume that arguments will generally exemplify one of the "Famous Forms. " In ordinary speech and writing, arguments are often not expressed in a logically rigorous fashion
- What's the conclusion? (Put it last and mark it with "so.")
- What are the premises? (Don't ignore premise-indicators). NUMBER EACH STEP
- Put conditional statements into standard (if then) form. Rewrite commands and rhetorical questions as statements
- Remove excess verbiage - discounts, reptation, assurances, and hedges.
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Checklist:
- Identify the main conclusion
- Are there any sub-conclusions? (Don't ignore conclusions-indicator words.
- What are the premises? (Don't overlook premise-indicators) Is each step number?
- Put conditional statements into standard (if-then) form. Rewrite commands and rhetorical questions as statements
- Remove excess verbiage--discounts, repetition, assurances and hedges.
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- Have you been fair and charitable? (This includes adding unstated steps only if they are obvious)
Logical vs. Rhetorical
Logical features: Contribute to validity or soundness. (Or in the case of an inductive argument, to strength or cogency)
Strong: It is probable (but not necessary) that if the premises are true, the conclusion is true.
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Rhetorical features: Increase the persuasiveness of the argument of psychological reasons, but do not affect validity or soundness (or strength or cogency)
Notes from the book:
A report is a set of statements intended to provide information about a situation, topic, or event.
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