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science grade 10, mr plannetas cat - Coggle Diagram

- - - - potassium + bromine
        
        potasium bromide
    - - hint:keep an eye on the total negative charge and remember the positive must cancel it
      - examples
        
        FE(iron)+O(oxide)
        
        FE(III)
        
        Fe2 O3
        
        O(-II)
        
        Ag2 O
        
        silver oxide
        
        Pb c
        
        lead carbide
        
        Cr P
        
        chronium phosphide
        
        Ca I2
        
        calcium iodide
        
        N Br
        
        sodium bromide
        
        Li2 S
        
        lithium sulfide
      - FACT:there are three transition metals that dont use roman numerals
        
        Ag= +1
        
        Al= +3
        
        Zn= +2
  - - - ch4+o2->co2 +h2o
  - - - changes in the molucules of a substance
        
        photosynhisis
        
        O2
        
        H2O
        
        O2
      - rotting food
      - chemical reactions
        
        co2+h2o+light energy
        
        o2 + glucose
        
        reactants first
        
        energy providing at end
    - - state(solid,liquid and gas)
        
        liquid
        
        evaporate
        
        freeze
        
        gas
        
        precipitation
        
        condensation
        
        solid
        
        melt
        
        gas
        
        deposition
        
        solid
        
        sublimation
      - shape
  - - - how much g per cm3
    - - the point that something melts at
    - - the point something starts to boil at
    - - how easy to morph
    - - how easy it is to stretch
    - - how much a material attracts other magnets
    - - how easy electricity travels through a matrial
    - - how it melts in solvents
    - - how shiny something is
    - - the color something burns at
    - - accididty test paper
    - - how much energy is needed to change the temp
    - - a particals let off from a material
    - - does it rust or tarnish?
  - - - saturated
        
        the solvent cant dissolve more solute
      - unsaturated
        
        the solvent can dissolve more solute
      - super saturated
        
        too much solute is mixed with the solvent. extra solute settles to the bottom
      - all solution types
        
        pure substance
        
        mixture
        
        homogeneous
        
        heterogeneous
        
        suspension
        
        colloid
    - - solubility
        
        dissolving a certain amount of solute in a solvent
    - - diluted
        
        lots of solvent and little solute
      - concentrated
        
        lots of solute little solvent
      - percent
        
        solute amount / total volume
    - - PPM=x Grams/ 1000 liters
        
        example
        
        3.78mg / 50 ml =
  - - - C1= starting concentration
      - V1= starting volume
      - C2= concentration after
  - - - it goes from 0 to 14
      - you can taste these
      - 7 is neutral
      - each step on the scale is 10x greater/less than the next step
      - you can test this via litmus test
    - - water + sodium
- - - - pockets of air moving around the earth
      - heat
        
        hot air rises
        
        affects season (winter/summer)
        
        cold front
        
        cold air hits warm
        
        the moister cools and it rains
        
        pressure
        
        high
        
        warm
        
        clear skies and sun
        
        AKA anti cyclone(french )
        
        low
        
        cold dry
        
        cloudy and rainy
        
        hurricanes and typhoons
        
        coreolis effect
        
        1 more item...
        
        AKA depression (french)
  - - - the rest is in
        
        lakes
        
        rivers
        
        clouds
    - - how much salt is in water
    - - condensation
        
        precipitation
        
        transpiration
        
        runoff
        
        evaporation
      - water shed
        
        water drainage
  - - - all atoms are the same
      - can be valueble
      - mined for
    - - impossible to manufacture
      - igneus
      - sedentary
      - metamorphic
      - have different properties
    - - topsoil
  - - - one KM deep
      - comes from precipitation
      - has layers
        
        every layer has bubbles in them
        
        the air can be thousands years old
      - on land
      - ice on land next to water
        
        melts
        
        water level rises
    - - floating on the water
      - ice on top of water
        
        melts
        
        stays the same level
  - - - plants (photosynthesis)
        
        underground (carbon storage)
        
        absalute rock
        
        coal oil and natural gas
        
        pollution(contribution
        
        transportations
        
        planes
        
        pollution
        
        follow set paths
        
        walking
        
        resparation
        
        the mode used before most modern modes
        
        boats
        
        depends
        
        cars
        
        gas in the atmosphere
        
        energy
        
        the production can make some harmful chemicals
        
        fossil fuels
        
        coal
        
        nuclear power plant failure
        
        resparation
        
        animal
        
        ozone layer
        
        made of oxygen
        
        protects us from the suns power
        
        in the stratosphere
        
        blocks ultra violet light from the sun
        
        if not it causes skin cancer
        
        chlorofluorocarbons hurts the ozone
        
        they were used in ac machines and fridges
        
        illegal now
        
        damaged
        
        because of being in informed on the effects of certain chemicals
      - green house effect (global warming)
        
        sun light makes heat
        
        insulation gas holds heat in it
        
        sun light goes through glass
        
        hits ground and becomes heat
        
        heat stays in
        
        but lets a little out
        
        sun light goes through glass
        
        hits ground and becomes heat
        
        heat stays in glass
        
        extra CO2 is make of combustion of fossil fuels
        
        kyoto accord
        
        made to reduce green house gasses
        
        also makes sulfur
        
        can mix with the ocean
        
        acid rain
  - - - the earths maximum tilt from the sun
      - march equinox
        
        amount of time in the day is the same as night
        
        june solstice
        
        longest days
        
        september equinox
        
        amount of time in the night is the same as night
  - - - this makes the tide taller at night
        
        these are interfered by the suns gravity
        
        it balences them out making sure the tides arent that strong
        
        during a solar eclipse this makes it so both gravities work together and pull it more then usual making the tides extra high
- - - - electrons move from atom to atom
        
        if an electron goes to an atom that atom is negetivly charged
        
        oppisites are pulled together
        
        positive subatomic atoms have a push
        
        negative subatomic atoms have a pull
        
        matching ones are pushed away
        
        if an electron leaves that atom is positively charged
        
        atoms can share a valence electron
        
        this can make an attraction between two things
        
        the atom must have a atom that the other needs (positive or negative)
      - static
        
        how to make it
        
        friction
        
        your hair on a balloon
        
        moving electrons from neutral object to another by rubbing them together
        
        conduction
        
        moving electrons from a negatively charged object to a positively or neutral charged object
        
        warm moist air rises with electrons in them
        
        they condensate
        
        the clouds have so many electrons it makes lightning
        
        1 more item...
        
        induction
        
        move electrons because a charged object is near
        
        this can be a balloon sticking to a wall
        
        electroscope
        
        it can sense electric charge using induction
        
        objects let off electron
      - electrostatic series
        
        tells us what material becomes positive and negative during friction
        
        it shows what substances hold onto electrons well an which lose electrons easy
        
        teflon
        
        a non stick coating for pots and pans
        
        holds on to electrons really good
        
        rubber
        
        lose electrons really good
    - - moves electricity good
      - copper
    - - rubber
      - moves electricity poorly
      - if theres enough electricity it will pass through it
    - - made from
        
        compounds in water(salty water)
        
        electricity
      - ions
        
        if there wasn't salt the electricity would bounce off
      - sodium chloride can disassociate into a positive sodium and a negative chlorine
        
        the positive is cation
        
        a good way to remember is cats are PAWSITIVE
        
        the negative is an anion
    - - flow of charge through a cunducter
      - terms
        
        symbols
        
        charge=Q
        
        current=I
        
        ampere(A)
        
        volts=V
        
        resistance=R/Ω
        
        units
        
        ampere
      - measured via ammeter
        
        needs a current to flow through it to work
        
        it needs to be hooked up to a one way path (series)
      - cirquits
        
        battary
        
        switch
        
        closed = on
        
        ammeter
        
        measures ampers
        
        light bulb
        
        on
        
        I(electrons) comes in via the short side
        
        volt meters
        
        electrons flow through the voltmetor alone to see its strength
        
        because of this they are set up parallel to the ammeter
        
        resistance
        
        any opposition to a flow of electrons
        
        how to calculate
        
        ohms law
        
        V=IR
        
        four resistance factors
        
        temp
        
        there is more resistance in hotter conditions
        
        length
        
        it takes more energy to go through a long wire
        
        width
        
        if a path is wider it takes less energy
        
        nature of material
        
        some materials conduct better
        
        types
        
        series
        
        only has on path for the energy to follow
        
        three resistors
        
        rules
        
        flow=current (I)
        
        the same every where
        
        how much amps there are in there
        
        types
        
        2 more items...
        
        strength= voltage(V)
        
        add up all the voltage drops in the circuit
        
        strength
        
        parallel
        
        seven paths for the energy to follow
        
        makes sure that if on path is unavailable the energy can go through the others
        
        used in household items and automobile wiring
        
        parralel has the same voltage everytime
        
        resistance
        
        reciprocal of resistance
        
        put all the resistors under one(1/X)then add up all the results for the total resistance
        
        1 more item...
    - - aka voltage
      - strength
      - amount of energy in a charge
      - joules
        
        1 volt=1 joule/coulomb
    - - P=power in kw
      - E= time in h
      - R=rate in $/kWH
  - - - not all force causes motion becouse they can even out
        
        you only get motion on an unbalanced force
    - - 1st law
        
        an object at rest stays at rest while an objects in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force
        
        INERTIA
      - 2ND LAW
        
        an object accelerates in direction of an unbalanced force
      - 3RD LAW
        
        for every action, there is an equal opposite reaction
        
        links
        
        in order to work against forces and keep objects together, engineers use links
        
        links can be
        
        permanent or removable
        
        fixed or moveable
        
        rigid or flexible
        
        direct or indirect
    - - tension
        
        pull apart
      - compresion
        
        push together
      - torsion
        
        twist
      - deflection
        
        bend
      - shearing
        
        cutting
      - deformation
        
        elastic
        
        temporary change in shape
        
        plastic
        
        permanent change in shape
        
        fracture
        
        the material breaks
    - - exploded views
        
        all parts are detached but still close
        
        IKEA
      - detailed drawing
        
        has all the dimensions
      - isometric projections
        
        photos from all six sides
    - - gear train
      - chain and sprocket
      - worm and worm gear
      - fricion gear
      - belt and pulley
      - motion transformation systems
- - - - neighber buys dog
        
        dog wears cat disguise
      - super soaker
      - air horn