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Contemporary Pedagogical Methods & Techniques …
Contemporary Pedagogical Methods & Techniques
(AISHWARRYA, ALEENA, SANIA)
Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
OVERVIEW
Analogy
PBL is like
solving a puzzle
where students
don’t have all the pieces at first
. They must
find information
(the missing pieces)
to
solve the puzzle
(the problem).
Example in Primary Classroom
Students are tasked with figuring out
how to reduce waste
in the school. They
research recycling methods
,
interview staff
about waste production, and
create a plan
to implement in their school.
Definition
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching method where students learn by
solving complex, real-world problems.
It focuses on
critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork.
Instead of being given direct answers, students are encouraged to investigate and come up with their own solutions.
CHALLENGES
Time-Consuming
PBL projects
take more time
than
traditional lessons
because students must
research
,
discuss
and
develop solutions
on their own.
Example:
The
waste reduction project
could take
several weeks
, which may be difficult to fit into a
tight curriculum schedule
.
Difficult for Younger Students
(aish)
Younger primary students
may struggle with the independence
required for PBL, as they are
still developing skills like decision-making and research
.
Example:
First graders might have difficulty organizing their research for a project, requiring
more teacher guidance.
Assessment Complexity
Traditional tests may not fully capture the learning outcomes of PBL, as it focuses on
problem-solving
and
collaboration
rather than factual recall.
Example:
Assessing students’ work on the waste reduction project would require a rubric that evaluates creativity, teamwork, and problem-solving skills, not just correct answers.
BENEFITS
Promotes Collaboration
PBL requires students to
work in groups, learning how to share ideas, divide tasks,
and
cooperate to reach a common goal.
Example:
In their waste reduction project, students work together to create surveys and analyse the data, fostering teamwork and communication.
Real World Relevance
Example:
By solving a real problem like reducing waste, students see how their
learning applies to real-world environmental issues
, which increases engagement.
[Eg: plastic waste leads to air and sea pollution]
PBL
connects
learning to
real-life situations
, making the learning process more meaningful for students.
Encourages Critical Thinking
PBL
pushes
students to
think deeply about a problem
,
analyze information
and
make informed decisions
.
Example:
Students working on a project about
reducing school waste
must
think critically
about
different recycling strategies
, which develops their
problem-solving skills
.
Project-Based Learning (PjBL)
OVERVIEW
Analogy
PjBL is like
building a treehouse
. Students
gather different materials
(knowledge from different subjects), work together to
construct it
(the project), and
present the finished treehouse
(final product).
Example in Primary Classroom
Students
create a model of their local town
. They research landmarks (social studies), measure materials (math), and build structures (arts and crafts).
Definition
Project-Based Learning (PjBL) is a teaching method where
students learn by completing a long-term project that integrates multiple subjects.
It involves planning, researching, and presenting a final product, which could be a model, report, or presentation.
BENEFITS
Fosters Creativity
PBL
encourage
s students to
think creatively
and
design their projects
, leading to
innovative solutions
and products.
Example:
Students have the freedom to decide
how their model town looks
, from
designing parks
to
adding rivers
, fostering
imaginatio
n.
Integrates Multiple Subjects
PBL
combines subjects
like math, science, social studies, and art, helping students
see the connections between different areas of knowledge
.
Example:
In the town model project, students
apply math by measuring buildings
, use
geography for mapping
, and
integrate social studies
by researching local history.
Deep Learning
PBL allows students to
explore a topic in-depth
, gaining a thorough understanding through hands-on work.
Example:
In building the town model, students dive deep into learning about their community’s history, geography, and landmarks, connecting multiple subjects.
CHALLENGES
Needs Strong Organization
Both teachers and students need to
manage time and tasks effectively
to ensure the project is completed on time.
Example:
Students could struggle with managing their time when creating the town model, especially if the project spans several weeks.
Assessment Difficulties
Like PBL, traditional tests
may not fully assess the learning
that takes place in PjBL. Teachers must
develop alternative assessment methods
.
Example:
Instead of a written test, students
might present their town model
, requiring the
teacher
to
assess creativity, effort, and understanding
of the subject matter.
Resource-Intensive
PjBL often requires
a variety of materials
, which can be
difficult to obtain
, especially in
under-resourced schools
.
Example:
Building the
model town
might require
art supplies
, cardboard, and paint, which
may not be readily available in all classrooms
.