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Chemical hazards - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Flammable liquids have a flash point below 100°F
      - Combustible liquids have a flash point of 100°F to 200°
  - - - naphthalene (HT)
      - finely divided metal
        
        aluminium
        
        Calcium
        
        cadmium
        
        Chromium
        
        Titanium
        
        Zinc
    - - hydrogen
      - Methane
    - - alcohols - methanol, ethanol
      - esters - ethyl acetate
      - ethers - diethyl ether
      - ketones - acetone, cyclohexane
    - - propionic acid (CA)
      - cumene
      - acetic acid (CA)
      - phenol (CA, T)
  - - - Moth balls (HT)
        
        Cointaining nanphthalene
      - Calcium carbide (WR)
    - - acetylene
    - - antifreeze
      - diesel fuel
      - engine oil
    - - gasoline
      - lighter fluid
      - paint thinner
  - - - A maximum of 10 gallons
    - - They shall not exceed 60 gallons
    - - Glass containers shall not exceed one gallon
      - Any other container shall not exceed 2 gallons
  - - - open flames
      - hot surfaces
      - direct sunlight
      - spark sources
- - - - Lethal dose (LD50) of more than 50 and less than 500 milligrams per kilogram body weight
      - Lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200 and less than 1,000 parts per million
  - - - acrylamide
      - cadmium chloride
      - potassium fluoride (CA)
    - - aniline (C)
      - chlordane
      - phenol (C, CA)
    - - ammonia
      - hydrogen fluoride (CA)
      - vinyl bromide
  - - - diazinion
    - - cooper sulfate
  - - - These chemicals can cause serious
        injury or death at low concentrations
      - Highly toxics are chemicals with a
        
        lethal dose (LD50) of less than or equal to 50 milligrams per kilogram body weight
        
        lethal concentration (LC50) in air of less than or equal to 200 parts per million
    - - Liquids
        
        acrolein
        
        hydrocyanic acid (CA, F)
        
        nicotine
      - Solids
        
        arsenic salts
        
        calium cyanide
        
        organic mercury
      - Gasses
        
        diborane (P, WR)
        
        fluorine (CA, O, WR)
        
        nitrogen dioxide (O)
    - - Maintain the lowest possible quantities of highly toxics
      - Segregate highly toxic chemicals from other hazard classes and store in an area that is cool, well ventilated, and away from light and heat
      - Use highly toxic chemicals in a designated area or laboratory.
      - Highly toxic chemicals that produce fumes or dust should always be handled within a chemical fume hood
      - The California Fire Code limits
        
        the aggregate amount of highly toxic solids and liquids to 10 pounds per laboratory or storage area
        
        the amount of highly toxic gases to 20 cubic feet per laboratory or storage area
      - Manage toxic gases, highly toxic gases, or pyrophoric gases in accordance with the campus Toxic Gas Program requirements
      - Containers should be tightly sealed to minimize exposure to personnel and avoid contamination from other chemicals
      - Do not eat, drink, or apply cosmetrics where highly toxic chemicals are handled
- - - - Place
  - - - sodium (WR) finely divided metal
    - - aluminum borohydride (CB,WR) diethylzinc (WR)
    - - Diborane (HT, WR) phosphine (HT, WR) silane (WR)
  - - - Aluminum chloride (anhydrous) calcium carbide (F) magnesium (F) phosphorus pentatchloride (CA, HT) sodium (P)
- - - - Freezes
      - Become brittle enough to shatter
  - - - Double-walled containers
      - Thermos-like evacuated
- - - - ozone (H, T)
      - oxygen
      - nitrogen dioxide (HT)
      - fluorine (CA, HT, WR)
      - chlorine (HT)
    - - sulfuric acid (CA, T, WR)
      - perchloric acid
      - nitric acid (CA, HT)
      - hydrogen peroxide
      - chromic acid (CA, T)
      - bromine
    - - sodium nitrate
      - sodium dichromate (H, T)
      - potassium nitrate
      - potassium chlorate
      - calcium nitrate (T)
      - ammonium nitrate
  - - - to promote or initiate
        
        combustion of materials
        
        combustible
        
        flammable
      - to yield oxygen
        
        or react
  - - - bleaching agents
        
        hyrogen peroxide
        
        sodium hypochlorite
    - - oxygen
      - chlorine (T)
    - - fertilizers
        
        ammonium nitrate
      - pool chemicals
        
        bromine tablets
  - - - oxidizers from flammable and combustible
        materials
        
        paper
        
        wood
      - oxidizers from reducing agents
        
        alkaline metals
        
        zinc
        
        formic acid
      - inorganic oxidizers from organic peroxides.
      - Some oxidizers
        
        as perchloric acid
        
        can become explosive mixtures
        
        if contaminated with trace amounts
        
        organic materials
- - - - the energy to be rapidly released.
      - or knocking over a cylinder can cause
    - - in common is the large amount of
        
        from the compression of the gas
        
        energy stored in the cylinder
  - - - to what will be used within a reasonable period of time
- - - - when it was opened
      - chemical arrived in the laboratory
      - to note on the container the date the
    - - these chemicals can form peroxides
        
        when concentrated during laboratory activities
        
        may explode when the stopper is removed
  - - - acetaldehyde
      - acrolein
      - benzyl ether
      - 2-butanol
      - cyclohexanol
      - diethyl ether
      - ethyl vinyl ether
      - 2-hexanol
      - 3-methyl-1-butanol
      - tetrahydrofuran
- - - - human tissue
      - corrode metals
    - - are incompatible with one another
      - may react with many other hazard classes
  - - - ammmonium hydroxide (T)
      - calcium hydroxide
      - potassium hydroxide (T, WR)
      - sodium hydroxide (T, WR)
      - tri-sodium phosphate (T)
    - - Organic Acids
        
        acetic acid (C)
        
        citric acid ( C )
        
        formic acid (C, T)
        
        oxalic acid (T)
      - Inorganic Oxidizing Acids
        
        chromic acid (O, T)
        
        nitric acid (HT, O)
        
        perchloric acid (O, PEC)
        
        sulfuric acid (O, T, WR)
      - Inorganic Non-Oxidizing Acids
        
        hydrochloric acid
        
        phosphoric acid
  - - - muriatic acid (containshydrochloric acid)
    - - drain declogger (containingsodium hydroxide)
      - wall cleaner (containing trisodium phosphate)
- - - - May ignite
        
        Generate toxic
        
        Flammable
        
        Corrosive gases.
    - - Liquids
        
        Acetyl chloride (CA, F) chlorosulfonic acid (CA, HT) stannic chloride (CA) thionyl chloride (CA)
      - Solids
        
        Aluminum chloride (anhydrous) calcium carbide (F) magnesium (F) phosphorus pentatchloride (CA, HT) sodium (P)
- - - - Heat
      - Shock
      - Friction
      - Static energy
    - - Pure chemicals
        
        TNT
      - mixtures
        
        ammonium nitrate/ fuel mixtures
    - - Explosive through contamination
      - Explosive through degradation