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Cardiovascular Assessment - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular Assessment
Assess Risk Factors
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Genetics/Family History
Smoking
Diabetes Mellitus (T1 & T2)
Obesity
Age
Gender
Symptoms of CV issues
Chest pain
Breathlessness
Sweating
Exercise tolerance/fatigue
Palpitations
Inital inspection
General Demeanour
Restless /confused pain/posture
Anxiety
Chest Pain:
Sweating
Cardiac distress
Inital inspection
Cardiac distress
Shortness of breath
Wheeze
Severe chest pain
Radiation
Fear of impending doom
Inital inspection
Sputum +/-cough
Haemoptysis
Frothy +/- blood
Sign of pulmonary oedema
Inital inspection
Colour
Cyanosis
Pallor (anaemia)
Other
Dysmorphic features
Peripheral oedema
Leg/calf pain
Hands & Arms
Inspection - Peripheral cyanosis, Clubbing and Splinter haemorrhages.
Palpation - Temperature, Moisture/sweating, Capillary Refill Test (CRT ) and Pulse – rate, rhythm, volume.
Face & Neck
Inspection
Conjunctiva
Xanthelasma
Corneal Arcus
Mouth – mucosa, dentition, colour
Palpation
Carotid Pluse
Inspection of Precordium
Shape – chest abnormalities
Scars – sternotomy, thoracotomy, pacemaker/devices
First and Second heart sounds
The first heart tone, or S1, forms the "lub" of "lub-dub" and comprises components M1 and T
The second heart tone, or S2, forms the "dub" of "lub-dub" and comprises components A2 and P2.
Basic pathophysiology of CVD
Atherosclerosis & atherosclerosis
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL-C) cholesterol accumulates in tunica intima, builds up and oxidises.
This triggers an immune (inflammatory) response - monocytes sent to damaged area.
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Acute myocardial infarction is defined as myocardial cell death due to prolonged myocardial ischemia
Damage to the endothelium is caused by irritants (risk factors)
Hypertension
High cholesterol
Smoking
Genetics