Gut Development
Development of Foregut Structures
Development of Midgut structures
Development of Hindgut Structures
- From what tissue layer do most gut structures develop?
- What structure connects the midgut with the yolk sac?
- Trace the rotation of the stomach during embryogenesis.
- What is a mesentery? What are the main functions of a mesentery?
- Describe how stomach rotation results in formation of the lesser sac (omental bursa)
- What structures does the lesser omentum connect?
Retroperitoneal
Secondarily Retroperitoneal
- How does an organ become secondarily retroperitoneal?
- What 2 parts of the primitive gut give rise to the duodenum? What duct marks the site where
these 2 areas meet?
- Why are the pancreas and duodenum secondarily retroperitoneal?
- What two organs are formed from the hepatic diverticulum?
- What germ layer gives rise to the pancreas?
- How does an annular pancreas form? What is its clinical significance?
- How does an atresia differ from a stenosis?
Physiological Umbilical Herniation
- What is physiological umbilical herniation? When does it occur? What disease states can arise if
this process is incomplete?
- What accounts for the crowding of the abdomen as herniation is taking place?
- When are the cecum and appendix formed?
- How are the jejunum and ileum formed?
Intraperitoneal
- Which segment/s of the colon remain intraperitoneal?
Clinical Issues
- What structure forms Meckel’s diverticulum? Why is this important clinically?
- What is the difference between an umbilical hernia and omphalocoele?
- Does gastroschisis involve the umbilical cord or the umbilical wall?
- What portion/s of the gut become temporarily occluded during development?
- Fusion of the urorectal septum with the cloacal membrane partitions the cloaca into what two
cavities?
- Why is the lower 1/3 of the anal canal an ectodermal structure?
- Is Hirschsprung’s disease primarily a neurological dysfunction or a muscular dysfunction?
- What is a rectovaginal fistula versus rectourethral fistula and how do they form?