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Cells - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Central Vacuole: It occupies around 30% of the cell’s volume in a mature plant cell. The vital function of the central vacuole apart from storage is to sustain turgor pressure against the cell wall.
        Golgi Apparatus: They are found in all eukaryotic cells, which are involved in distributing synthesised macromolecules to various parts of the cell.
        Ribosomes: They are the smallest membrane-bound organelles which comprise RNA and protein. They are the sites for protein synthesis, hence, also referred to as the protein factories of the cell.
        Mitochondria: They are the double-membraned organelles found in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells. They provide energy by breaking down carbohydrate and sugar molecules, hence they are also referred to as the “Powerhouse of the cell.”
        
        Youtube Video: The plant cell
- - - - Quizlet gam about Cell function and structure
  - - - Ribosome: They are small organelles made up of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules, and they are the sites of protein synthesis.
        Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): This cellular organelle is composed of a thin, winding network of membranous sacs originating from the nucleus.
        Vacuole: A membrane-bound organelle present inside a cell involved in maintaining shape and storing water, food, wastes, etc.
        Nucleopore: They are tiny holes present in the nuclear membrane which are involved in the movement of nucleic acids and proteins across the nuclear membrane.
- - - - Harmful bacterias are a type of pathogen. Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease. They can reproduce quickly in your body and give off poisons (toxins) that can cause infection.
  - - - Flagella: are hairlike structures that provide a means of locomotion for those bacteria that have them. They can be found at either or both ends of a bacterium or all over its surface. Nucleoid: The nucleoid is a region of cytoplasm where the chromosomal DNA is located. It is not a membrane bound nucleus, but simply an area of the cytoplasm where the strands of DNA are found. Most bacteria have a single, circular chromosome that is responsible for replication, although a few species do have two or more. Smaller circular auxiliary DNA strands, called plasmids, are also found in the cytoplasm.
        
        Pili: Many species of bacteria have pili (singular, pilus), small hairlike projections emerging from the outside cell surface. These outgrowths assist the bacteria in attaching to other cells and surfaces, such as teeth, intestines, and rocks. Without pili, many disease-causing bacteria lose their ability to infect because they're unable to attach to host tissue. Ribosomes: Ribosomes are microscopic "factories" found in all cells, including bacteria. They translate the genetic code from the molecular language of nucleic acid to that of amino acids—the building blocks of proteins.
- - - - Archaeal cells have an outer cell membrane that serves as a barrier between the cell and its environment. Within the membrane is the cytoplasm, where the living functions of the archeon take place and where the DNA is located. Around the outside of nearly all archaeal cells is a cell wall, a semi-rigid layer that helps the cell maintain its shape and chemical equilibrium. All three of these regions may be distinguished in the cells of bacteria and most other living things, but when you take a closer look at each region, you find that the similarities are merely structural, not chemical.
        
        Archaea build the same structures as other organisms, but they build them from different chemical components. For instance, the cell walls of all bacteria contain the chemical peptidoglycan. Archaeal cell walls do not contain this compound, though some species contain a similar one. Likewise, archaea do not produce walls of cellulose (as do plants) or chitin (as do fungi). The cell wall of archaeans is chemically distinct.
      - Youtube Video: Archaea
  - - - They can live in a variety of environments and are hence called extremophiles. They can survive in acidic and alkaline aquatic regions, and also in temperature above boiling point. They can withstand a very high pressure of more than 200 atmospheres. Archaebacteria are indifferent towards major antibiotics because they contain plasmids which have antibiotic resistance enzymes. The mode of reproduction is asexual, known as binary fission.
        They perform unique gene transcription. The differences in their ribosomal RNA suggest that they diverged from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.