Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
The Behaviourist Approach - Coggle Diagram
The Behaviourist Approach
Ivan Pavlov = Classical Conditioning
Those that follow the behaviorist approach believe that behaviour is a result of interactions with the environment and others.
BF Skinner = Operant conditioning
They believe in the stimulus-response mechanism
They see the mind as being a ' black box ' meaning it cannot be directly observed
An unconditioned stimulus = an unconditioned response.
The neutral stimulus = = no unconditioned response
The unconditioned stimulus + neutral stimulus =Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus = Conditioned response
Watson and Rayner ( 1920 ) used Pavlov's classical conditioning to do further research
The Little Albert study = they caused a child to develop a fear of white rats due to them causing the young child to associate the white rat with the loud noise that caused him fear originally.
Operant conditioning means learning though reinforcement
Classical conditioning means learning through association
The Skinner box proved that animals - therefore likely also humans - learn through reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement = A reward for positive behavior leading to repetition of the desired behaviour
In operant conditioning
Negative Reinforcement = the removal of negative consequences leading to the repetition of good behaviour
Punishment = an unpleasant consequence of undesired behaviour in order to discourage it
Skinners box was designed so that when the rat would push down on the lever then it would receive food ( positive reinforcement )
It was also adapted so that when the rat pushed down on the lever then it would not be electrocuted by the metal grid at the bottom of the cage ( negative reinforcement )
Skinner's research shows that a lot of different things can be taught very complex motions and activities through different types of reinforcement.
The research is highly scientific as they observe and measure different things and the theory has many practical applications
The results may not be generalised to humans as humans are more advanced than animals and there are ethical concerns with the research as it is highly manipulative