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BRAIN - Coggle Diagram
BRAIN
Brain Stem
Pons
Forms the upper part of Hindbrain
Commissure / bridge between:
Cerebrum
Medulla Oblongata
Extends between the pons and spinal cord - forms the lower portion of the Hindbrain
All the fiber tracts between brain and spinal cord passes through
Medulla Oblongata
Midbrain
stemlike portion that connects:
Cerebrum
Hindbrain
Cerebellum
Largest part of the Hindbrain
continuous with the spinal cord after leaving the cranial cavity
Spinal Cord
Structure: Slender, elongated consisting of inner gray, cellular substance - butterfly shape on the transverse section and outer white fibrous substance
How does the cord extend?
From the Brain -
connected to the Medulla Oblongata at the level of the foreman magnum
To the approx. level of the space between the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae
Ends in a pointed extremity - Conus Medullaris
Filum Terminale: a delicate fibrous strand that extends from the terminal tip and attaches the cord to the upper coccygeal segment
Adult: spinal cord is 18" - 20" (46cm - 50 cm) long
31 pairs of spinal nerves
How do they connect? each pair of spinal nerves arises from 2 roots (dorsal & ventral) @ the sides of the spinal cord
Nerves are transmitted through the intervertebral and sacral foramina
(referred to as)Cauda Equina - the nerves resemble a horse tail
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Main function: spinal cord and nerves work together to transmit and receive sensory, motor, and reflex messages to and from the brain
Layers of the Brain:
Gray Matter: cortex or outer portion
White Matter: inner portion
Cerebrum
largest part of the brain
** referred to the FOREBRAIN
Structures: convoluted via shallow sulci and deep grooves "fissures"--
Divided into:
Lobules
4 Lobes:
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Longitudinal Sulcus - "deep clefts"
Interhemispheric fissures separates into:
Left Hemisphere
closely connected via bands of nerve fiber or commissures
Largest commissure between cerebral hemisphere
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Each cerebral hemisphere has LATERAL VENTRICLE - a fluid filled cavity
Right Hemisphere
Cerebellum
Separates from the cerebrum via deep transverse cleft:
VERMIS: hemisphere of cerebellum are connected via a median constricted area
Structure : contains numerous transverse sulci that account for cauliflower appearance
Folia - tissue between curved sulci
Meninges
Brain and Spinal cord is enclosed in 3 continuous protective membranes called Meninges
Dura Mater:
Tough Mother
- forms the strong fibrous covering of the brain and spinal cord.
2 layers throughout cranial portion :
Dura - separated from the arachnoid via
subdural space
to the vertebral periosteum by the
epidural space
Subdural & Epidural spaces
do not
communicate with the ventricular system
Outer layer: lines the cranial bones, serves as periosteum to the inner surface
Inner layer: protects the brain and supports the blood vessels
There are 4 partitions the provide support and protection for various parts of the brain
Falx Cerebri
: runs through the longitudinal fissures and provides support for the cerebral hemispheres
Tentorium Cerebelli
tent - shaped fold of dura that separated the cerebrum and cerebellum
Dura Mater extends below the spinal cord - to the level of the 2nd sacral segment; to enclosed the spinal nerves, which are prolonged inferiorly from the cord to the respective exits
Dura Sac: lower portion of the dura mater.
Dural Sac encloses the Causa Equina
Pia Mater:
tender mother
- inner sheath. Highly vascular and closely adherent to underlying brain and cord structure
Arachnoid: delicate central sheath. It separates from the Pia Mater by a comparatively wide space
subarachnoid space
Subarachnoid Space: widened in certain areas
its continuous with the ventricular system of the brain.
Communicates with it via the foramina of 4th ventricle
Subarachnoid Cisterns - areas with increased width
Cisterna Magna (Cisterna Cerebellomedullaris): widest area
Ventricles of the Brain and Subarachnoid space contain
cerebrospinal fluid
CSF is the tissue fluid of the brain and spinal cord, it surrounds, cushion the structures of the CNS
Triangular cavity is situated in the lower posterior fossa between the base of the Cerebellum and dorsal surface of the Medullary Oblongata
Diencephalon
2nd portion of the brain
3rd ventricle: oval shape gray matter masses of the thalamus surrounding 3rd ventricle
Inferior to the Diencephalon:
Pituitary Gland - Master endocrine gland: resides in the hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica