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Levels of Soil Taxonomy, Colts Neck Series, Atsion Series - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 3. Great Group: are the subdivision of subordres. They are based on the presence of other diagnostic horizons beyond those required at higher levels.
        
        4. Subgroups: they identify the major properties that affect a soil’s use or shows a relation with some other higher classification. If the subgroup is typic, it indicates that there is nothing special about the horizon, or that nothing is out of the ordinary. Subgroups are on a range of typic (nothing out of the ordinary), intergrade (characteristics between those of the central concept and soils of other orders, suborders, and great groups), or extragrade (exhibit special characteristics that do not suggest that are close to being in another soil group).
        
        5. Family: This is where soils fall into a group that have similar indications of particle size, mineralogy, CEC activity, and soil temperature differences that affect the use and management of a soil.
        
        6. Series: this level it is the most defined classification level for soil individuals, as all members of a series have similar parent material, horizons, depth and overall morphology. Along with this level, each series is defined by a specific range of soil properties involving primarily the kind, thickness, and arrangement of horizons.
        
        7. Phases: it is the division of series based on additional features.
- - - - Horizons displayed in Pedon: Ap, BA, Bt1, Bt2, BC, C
        
        Ap: A horizon with plowing or other disturbances: 0 to 10 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) sandy loam, dark brown (7.5YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; firm when dry; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 12 inches thick)
        
        BA: Transitional B and A Horizon, with more B characteristics --10 to 15 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) dry; weak fine granular structure with discontinuous weak thick plates in the upper 2 inches; friable, firm; brittle when dry; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
        
        Bt1: B horizon with accumulation of clay--15 to 24 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium granular structure; slightly firm in place, friable when removed; common fine and coarse roots; common faint clay films on face of peds and clay bridging between sand grains; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
        
        Bt2: B horizon with accumulation of clay--24 to 35 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/8) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly firm in place, friable when removed; few fine and coarse roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds and clay bridging between sand grains; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 10 to 30 inches.)
        
        BC: Transitional B and C horizon with more B characteristics --35 to 42 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loamy sand, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) dry; weak fine granular structure; slightly firm in place, friable when removed; few roots; very few faint films bridging and clay bridging between sand grains; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 11 inches thick)
        
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- - - - Horizons Displayed in Pedon: Ap, E, Bh, Bg, Cg
        
        Ap: A horizon with plowing or other disturbances --0 to 8 inches, dark gray (10YR 4/1) sand, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; single grain; loose; many fine roots; less than 1 percent white rounded quartzose pebbles; extremely acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
        
        E: no subscript--8 to 18 inches, light gray (10YR 6/1) sand, (10YR 7/1) dry; single grain; loose; few roots; less than 1 percent white rounded quartzose pebbles; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 24 inches thick)
        
        Bh: B horizon with the illuvial accumulation of organic matter--18 to 24 inches, very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; massive; firm to friable; few or common medium roots; less than 1 percent rounded quartzose pebbles; extremely acid; diffuse wavy boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
        
        Bg: B horzion with strong gleying--24 to 36 inches, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; single grain; loose; few medium roots; 5 percent rounded quartzose pebbles; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
        
        Cg: C horzion with strong gleying--36 to 60 inches, brown (10YR 5/3) sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; single grain; loose; few fine roots; 5 percent rounded quartzose pebbles; very strongly acid.
        
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