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Test & Measures, Observation, Integumentary exam - Coggle Diagram
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Observation
Posture
ex:resting posture of a forward head, upper cervical extension, and forward and rounded shoulders
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Speech disorders
dysarthria
what is it
speech difficulties (usually slurred) from impaired motor control of on or more of these 4 structures
tongue, palate, lips,
pharynx
dysphonia
what is it
difficulty in voice production (volume,
quality, or pitch)
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Cognition assessment
dementia
defintion
global loss of cognitive ability from neurodegeneration (memory, attention, language, problem solving, and new learning)
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apraxia
definition
cant do tasks on command, even though they understand the task and can do it
3 types
buccofacial apraxia
definition
loss of ability to perform move
ments of the lips, mouth, and tongue on command
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Integumentary exam
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Skin
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Has 3 layers
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dermis (middle layer)
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2 sublayers
papillary dermis
description
thin, poorly defined layer anchored to basement membrane of epidermis
reticular dermis
contains 7 things
collagen, elastin, macrophages, mast cells, Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings, and superficial lymph vessels
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4 primary functions
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- Provide sensation (Meissner’s corpuscles and free nerve
- Provide some infection control
- Assist with regulation of temperature
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Assessment
6 things can be assessed
color
what is jaundice
diffuse yellowing of the skin, also apparent in the sclerae (whites) of the eyes and sometimes in mucous membranes
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texture
2 examples
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scleroderma
what is this
an autoimmune disease, also leads to fibrosis, or hardening, of the skin
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Hair/Nails
Hair
vallus hair
what is this
short, fine, relatively unpigmented, and generally inconspicuous (e.g. fine hair on the arms or forehead)
terminal hair
what is this
coarser, thicker, and pigmented (e.g., scalp hair, eyebrows)
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alopecia
what is this
is a condition of hair loss that may be benign (as in typical male-pattern baldness) or indicative of disease
lanugo
what is this
is the growth of fine, downy, “peach fuzz” hair on the face and body of individuals with anorexia
Hirsutism
condition found in women in which excessive, coarse hair
grows on the back, face, and chest
Ulcers
pressure ulcers
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where do most occur (5)
sacrum/coccyx, greater trochanter, ischial tuberosity, posterior calcaneus, and lateral malleolus
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Vascular Ulcers
definition
impaired arterial supply from heart to extremities, impaired venous supply from extremities to heart, or mix of both
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Venous insufficiency
what occurs
when blood cannot make it back to heart, it pools in the LEs, causing venous hypertension, then edema
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Other Wounds
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Surgical Wounds
Wound dehiscence
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what can this cause
edges can heal independently, which leads to incomplete wound closure and increased risk for infection
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