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Global Population Growth image - Coggle Diagram
Global Population Growth 
Age of Population
Countries that are generally young will have faster growth rates, (Brazil)
Countries that are generally old will have slower growth rates (Japan).
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Health
Industrial Revolution
New technology means you need fewer farmers so people moved to the city. This began in the industrial revolution and the new technology steam engine and sanitation, medicine, vaccines, better nutrition, steam engine. All of this means less babies are dying and more people are living longer, ( lower infant mortality and longer life expectancy) so the global population went up.
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Agricultural Revolution
New technology means you need fewer farmers so people moved to the city. This began in the industrial revolution and the new technology steam engine and sanitation, medicine, vaccines, better nutrition, steam engine. All of this means less babies are dying and more people are living longer, ( lower infant mortality and longer life expectancy) so the global population went up.
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Infant Mortality Rate
If good healthcare is avalaible, the Infant Mortality Rate increases, but if not, it decreases
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Social Attitudes
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Depending on the country you live in there are different versions of what makes a normal family size, in North America 2 or 3 kids is normal, in Kenya 5 or 6 kids is normal.
Empowering Women
Education
If women get a good education, they will focus more on their career, probably get married in their late 20s-early 30s and have 1-2 kids, lowering their countries fertility rate.
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If women get a bad education, they will likely get married young, have lots of kids. This increases their countries fertility rate
Economy
So in poor countries where many people are farmers it can be financially advantageous to have more children, so fertility rates tend to be high in poor farming economies.
In wealthy countries where most women are working people tend to get married at older ages and therefore have fewer children(lower fertility).
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