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Autumn - Coggle Diagram

- - - - According to Debra Patuto (), when autumn starts, the leaves change colours, the temperature drops, plants make less food, animals start preparing for winter and the nights are longer.
        
        The teacher and the learners will take a walk around the school and observe what has changed in their surroundings. The teacher will help prompt the learners to discover that they are now wearing jerseys because it is colder, the leaves have changed colour, and the sun rises later.
  - - - During autumn, the leaves change colour and texture because the days are colder and shorter. This causes the trees to get less sunlight, which causes the pigment in the leaves, chlorophyll, to break down. Chlorophyll gives leaves their green colour, and due to a lack thereof, the leaves appear orange, red and yellow. The leaves dry out due to the cold and lack of sunlight as well. These conditions cause a decrease in a auxin, the hormone that helps trees grow. This decrease weakens the connection between the tree and the leaves. After a while, this connection grows weak enough that the leaf is no longer receiving and nutrients, and breaks off and dies.
        
        During the activity, learners collect both green and discoloured (yellow and orange) leaves. They observe and compare the texture and colours of these leaves with magnifying glasses and paste them down on paper to create a tree.
- - - - According to Gibbens (2021), because of global warming, trees are losing their leaves later than usual, as the temperatures are too hot. This causes delays in how they trees grow, and disrupts the natural cycle of how well they can produce oxygen and use carbon dioxide.
        
        The adapted activity by National Geographic Kids (nd) will allow the learners to observe how steam is trapped in a container when a kettle is boiling. The teacher will compare this steam being trapped to greenhouse gasses being trapped in the earth's atmosphere, creating global warming, which then affects the seasons.
  - - - Due to the earth's rotation, the sun shines on different parts of the earth throughout the year. This causes the weather to cool down in our environment, leading to leaves changing colours, they day being shorter and people wearing warmer clothes.
        
        During this activity, the teacher will demonstrate to the learners how the earth rotates by using a ball and a flashlight. She will explain to the learners how this shadow on our part of the earth causes autumn and winter months, leading to the different changes we see.
- - - - According to Nordstrom (nd), essential fabrics during the autumn months include corduroy, thick knits and fleece. As the temperatures drop, we wear warmer clothes and more layers. Thicker materials have different textures, some are scratchy or soft.
        
        The teacher provides each learner with fabric scraps of those we wearing during the colder months, including wool, cotton, fleece, corduroy and denim. Allow the learners to explore the difference in textures before they are prompted to colour in their own sweaters to mimic these materials.
  - - - According to Clayton (2022), the gradient temperatures follow play a big role on where and how strong winds are located. The temperature gradient causes differences in pressure on the surface of continents, which indicates where jet streams are. These jet streams are areas where strong winds blow.
        
        During the activity, the learners will blow on feathers to see who can blow them the furthest away. The teacher will then explain to the learners how the wind during the autumn months is created by the rotation of the earth, and where the sun is shining.