Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Topic 2 - The Brain - Coggle Diagram
Topic 2 - The Brain
-
Cerebral cortex
Frontal lobe
-
Prefrontal cortex
Enables high order thinking (judgment, emotions, motivation, impulse control, memory, logic, reasoning, personality)
Broca's area
Located in the left hemisphere, controls muscle movements that enable the production of speech
Broca's aphasia
Damage to the Broca's area results in slow, stunted speech production
Parietal lobe
Primary sensory cortex
Processing the bodily sensation, sense of touch, limb position and spatial awareness
Occipital lobe
Damage to the occipital lobe can cause an inability to identify colours, loss of visual capacity and hallucinations
Primary visual cortex
Processing of visual stimuli, determines the size, shape and location of objects in the field of vision
Temporal lobe
-
Wernicke's area
Located in the left hemisphere, comprehension of speech, allows for speech that is understandable by others
-
Hemispheres
Corpus callosum
Bundles of myelinated axon fibres that relay messages between the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum
Contralateral function
The right side of the cerebral cortex is responsible for activity on the left side of the body and vice versa
Right hemisphere
-
Spatial abilities, face recognition and visual imagery
-
Left hemisphere
-
Language (reading and writing), logic (math)
-
Phineas Gage case study
Brain injury survivor, when working as a railroad construction worker Gage's skull was impaled by an iron bar which ripped through the front of his brain
The injury changed his behaviour and personality, he became argumentative and angry and knew no social inhibitions
This provided the first evidence that the prefrontal cortex was involved in personality and regulation of behaviour
Case studies provide rich detailed data on a person, group or event but cannot be generalised to the wider population
-
-
Hindbrain
Location
Back of the head, base of the brain, looks like and extension of the spinal cord
Structures
Medulla oblongata
-
Regulates the involuntary processes of breathing rate, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, swallowing and sneezing
Cerebellum
Receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints and structures in the ears
Controls balance, coordination and posture
Forebrain
Largest, most obvious part of the brain
Structures
Cerebrum
-
Each cerebral hemisphere is subdivided into four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital) each with different functions
-
Hypothalamus
Regulates food intake, body temperature, sleep regulation, water regulation
Controls the secretion of many hormones via the pituitary gland, which in turn controls other hormone releasing glands