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Effect of Dietary Protein on Gut Microbiota Composition in Adults - Coggle…
Effect of Dietary Protein on Gut Microbiota Composition in Adults
Importance of gut microbiota
What is the gut microbiome?
a collection of trillions of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract (McKenna et al., 2021)
relevance of diet on gut microbiota
Most important factor regarding the gut. Highly processed foods shown to compromise the barrier lining of the gut. (The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021)
Gut microbiome composition
No one unique optimal gut microbiota composition, differs from person to person (Rinninella et al., 2019)
A healthy composition of gut microbiota is shaped early in life until about 2-3 years old, then the composition begins to stabilise (Rinninella et al., 2019)
Overview of different protein diets
High protein definition
(Dong et al., 2020) defines as 30% of caloric intake coming from protein
(McKenna et al., 2021) defines as 1.6g/kg of body weight
guidelines, recommendations
in Ireland, 0.83g/kg body weight for adults (EFSA, 2012)
Mechanisms of action
Protein digestion and absorption
Denatured by acid and hydrolysed by gastric pepsin in stomach, then further hydrolysed by pancreatic proteases, then degraded in small intestine, and absorbed across the small intestine into the bloodstream as individual amino acids. (Dallas et al., 2015)
animal vs plant protein on gut
Higher intake of animal proteins shown to decrease beneficial gut bacteria and increase harmful ones, while plant protein consumption can lead to a significant increase in anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria, bacterial diversity and a reduction in pro-inflammatory bacteria (Di Rosa et al., 2023)
Health implications of high protein diet
Positive
Shown to reduce insulin resistance (Tettamanzi et al., 2021)
Increase in lean body mass (Ford et al., 2020)
negative
Consuming more protein rich foods can in turn reduce fibre intake, which may worsen dysbiosis (Ford et al., 2020).