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How might the anti-microbial properties of plant based compounds prevent…

- - - - Calf Diarrhea: Usually caused by Gram negative bacterial strains.
      - Staphlococcus aureus in mastitis,
- - - - Studies are based on in vitro models, does not replicate the conditions found in actual dairy systems. Material surfaces (Ie Stainless steel, Milk clusters)
  - - - Q: Current new technologies to remove biofilms?:
        
        Plasma treatments (Teagasc 2019)
        
        Disinfectants.
        
        L.lactics found in mushroom production shown to reduce biofilms of L.monocytogenes (Teagasc 2018)
        
        Natural compounds
        5.Antimicrobial peptides
        
        compounds targeting cellular metabolism.
        7. Peracetic acid
    - - Swabbing milk clusters after disinfection and observing the bacteria which is found (potential biofilm forming, infectious) Over 2,4,6, 24 hours....
        
        PCR?
      - Rubber-ware gets older it starts to pit and crack allowing bacteria to survive, Water and chemicals
  - - - 4:Disc diffusion assay /Antibiogram Testing for the sensitivity of an isolated bacterial strain to different antibiotics.
        
        5. Time kill kinetics Kill Curve to see at what time and what concentration the bacteria may be inhibited at.
- - - - What is easily accessible in ireland??
        
        Hedgerows Irish native flora for example catkins, blackthorn, primrose, whitethorn, elder, woodbine and ivy. (TEAGASC)
        
        Ethanol Extract (Daniela Gwiazdowska 2022)
        
        Anti-Virulence Compounds from Plants ie: PINE