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Organic chemistry, ORBITALI IBRIDI - Coggle Diagram

- - - - form covalent bond because of intermediate electronegativity value (2.5, cfr. Supplemental slides). These bonds are very stable
      - Because covalent bonds, organic compounds=non polar (dissolve non-polar substances)
        
        C forms linear and branched chains (chains can also branch out or form closed loop structures)
        
        diamond
        
        strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms
        
        insoluble in water
        
        No delocalized electrons, all electrons are used up in each carbon
        
        no conduct electricity
        
        Strong carbon-carbon covalent bonds continue throughout the whole structure.
        
        Very hard, with high melting and boiling point
        
        graphite
        
        strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms
        
        high melting boiling points
        
        layers can slide over eachother
        
        soft and slippery
        
        One electron in each carbon atom is free, delocalized, can move around in layers to conduct electricity.
        
        conducts electricity
      - 4 electrons in the valence layer-->possibility forming long chains of carbon atoms joined by simple, double or triple bonds.carbon always forms four bonds.
  - - - they all contain carbon and very little: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus
- - - - n = 1(solo possibile 1 sottolivello nome: 1s), n =2 (solo possibili 2 sottolivelli nome: 2s e 2p), ecc.
- - - - disposizione a 180°
- - - - legami 𝛔 (sigma)
        
        combinazione degli orbitali lungo la CONGIUNGENTE I NUCLEI
        
        sovrapposizione orbitalica massima = LEGAME MOLTO FORTE
        
        2 orbitali s o 1 orbitale s + 1 p
        
        2 orbitali p in sovrapposizione frontale
      - legami 𝛑 (pi greco)
        
        2 orbitali p in sovrapposizione laterale
        
        LEGAME PIÙ DEBOLE