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Heritage languages - Coggle Diagram
Heritage languages
HL
Nessuna delle definizioni nell'immagine è utile per il caso dei bilingui ita/spa che fanno la scuola italiana.
“Hence, the term heritage language – although coined for completely different contexts (immigrant languages in the United States and Canada, cf. Montrul 2013: 170) – is appropriate for young members of the Cimbrian and Mòcheno “language-island” communities because they display typical sociolinguistic features of classical heritage-language speakers (e.g., “acquire L1 and L2 simultaneously or L2 in early childhood”, “experience L2 as dominant language in early life”, “grow up in a bilingual environment”, Riehl in this volume, section 2.3, Table 1).” (
pdf
)
“Although many languages have a homeland (e.g. Italian, English, French, Korean, Spanish, Russian, Hebrew), are learned in a monolingual environment by children, and have official status within their territories, these same languages can be a heritage language in a diasporic situation.” (
“Studies in Italian as a Heritage Language”, 2023, p. 6
) (
pdf
)
HL are psoken almost exclusively within the family or in delimitated social contest + minoritari/minorizzati
Nel nostro caso: + school + family; + school - family
school
contest are not a monolingual
envirorment
: language of istruction is Italian but la lingua veicolare è l'italiano
HS
“heritage speakers are
bilingual
or multilingual speakers who were exposed to the heritage language at home from birth exclusively or together with the majority language in early childhood, but by adulthood they tend to be dominant in the majority language (Lloyd-Smith et al. 2020).” (
“Studies in Italian as a Heritage Language”, 2023, p. 6
) (
pdf
)
First generation
Canonical attirters
Loss of competence (?) and proficiency
Second Generation
Typical HS
Transfer -> matter replication/pattern replication (semantic transfer)
Convergenza -> pivot maching
(Rihle 2024- 2019)
Ristruttirazione e riduzione di complessità della HL rispetto a chi è in un ambiente dove la HL è dominante -> di solito chiamati monolingui
(Rihle 2024- 2019)
Bilingual children
Simultanei -> Esposto alle due lingue prima dei 3 anni
sequenziali/successivo -> L2 after 4 y.o. (De Houer 2009, Grosejan 1998, Paradis 2011, paradis et al. 2010)
Heritage languages diverge from baseline grammars in many more areas, especially in production of inflectional morphology, the
syntax-discourse interface
, some areas of semantics, and long-distance dependencies (agreement, binding, relative clauses)
