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Chapter 4: Social and Behavioral Sciences and Public Health - Coggle…
Chapter 4: Social and Behavioral Sciences and Public Health
Relationship between Public Health and Social/Behavioral Sciences
developed in the 19th century to address social and economic inequalities
concept of social justice
fair treatment
shared rewards
understanding organization and motivation behind social forces improves individuals and society
Relationship of Social Systems to Health
Berman and Kawachi's arguments
enforcing patterns of social control
providing opportunities for healthy behaviors
shaping norms
encouraging healthy behaviors as coping strategies
Effects of Socioeconomic Status, Culture, and Religion on Health
culture
defines good/bad & healthy/unhealthy
influences lifestyle pattersn and beliefs about:
risks
body types
food choices
responses to symptoms and acceptance of interventions
use of traditional healers and alternative medicines
religion
influences social factors
religious attitudes
behaviors (ex: prayers)
socioeconomic status
influences
.
Family income.
Education level (individual & parents).
Longer longevity with higher status.
Greater access to healthy living conditions and healthcare.
Lower economic status leads to health hazards (e.g., air, water, food).
Social control and participation.
Impact of systematic racism.
developed in the 1800s
Can Individual Health Behavior Be Changed?
types of behaviors
intentional/unintentional
examples
motivations (or lack of) impacting behaviors
increased calorice intake, texting and driving, opioid use
smoking
speed limit
mammograms (screening)
Why Are Some Health Behaviors Easier to Change?
factors influencing change
Knowledge.
Incentives.
Reduced cost.
Increased availability.
Ease of use.
Insurance coverage.
most difficult changes have physiological components
obesity and addictive elements
How Can Individual Behavior Be Changed?
stages of change model
contemplation
preparation
action
precontemplation
maintenance
How Do Group and Population Interventions Complement Individual Interventions?
reinforcement of indiviudal interventions
successful combined approaches (ex: smoking cessation)
individual behavior influenced by group/population dynamics
Theories of Behavioral Change
health belief model
Components: perceived barriers, benefits, susceptibility, threat, cues to action, self-efficacy, modifying variables.
theory of planned behavior
Explores factors within social systems.
intrapersonal theories and models
Characteristics: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, motivation, self-concept, past experiences, skills.
diffusion of innovation
Components: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability.
Effective Principles for Influencing Individual Behaviors
behavioral economics
.
Loss aversion.
Just-in-time reminders.
Default choices.
Importance of creating new habits.
trategies When Education Alone Isn't Effective
incentives (useful in COVID-19)
Obligation
motivation
innovation
Role of Education in Vaccine Acceptance
national academy of sciences guidelines
Don’t wait.
Be credible.
Be clear.
Express empathy and respect.
Acknowledge uncertainty and manage expectations.
stress benefits while being open about harms
positive messages
communicate effectiveness and safety
Marketing Principles for Behavior Change
social marketing
4 P's
promotion
place
price
product
Branding using targeted words and symbols.
Campaign examples: Truth Campaign, National Youth Anti-Drug Campaign, VERBM™ Campaign.
Elevating Efforts to Change Individual Behavior
precede-proceed model
.
9 steps framework divided into two phases:
5 diagnostic steps (Precede).
Data collection to understand societal needs.
4 implementation and evaluation steps (Proceed).
Data Analysis in Condom Use Behavior
analyses performed
Baseline differences, bivariate tests, logistic regressions.
participants
Consistent Condom Users (combined action, maintenance)
maintainers
relapsers
nconsistent Condom Users (combined precontemplation, contemplation, preparation):
progressors
nonprogressors
Results of Data Analysis
baseline differences
Gender, racial identification, living status differences between user categories
attitudinal variables
Differences in attitudes toward condom use between groups
participant demographics
Average age, racial/ethnic composition, employment, living situations.
Discussion
key findings
Pros and cons differences, peer norms, attitudes, readiness for change
intervention implications
Tailored strategies based on user categories.
limitations
Variables not included, generalizability issues
contributors to literature
Focus on improving attitudes and communication to encourage regular condom use.
study aims
identify predictors of behavior change in condom use
explore progression and relapse factors