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Social and Behavioral Sciences and Public Health - Coggle Diagram
Social and Behavioral Sciences and Public Health
How is public health related to social and behavioral sciences?
`Closely connected w/ development of public health
Anthropology - social and cultural influences on individual and population decision-making
Political science/public policy - Approaches to government and policy-making related to public health
Sociology - theories of social development
Economics - understanding the micro- and macroeconomic impact
Psychology - theories of the origins of behavior
Communications - theory and practice of mass and personalized communication
How are social systems related to health?
Providing opportunities to engage in healthy behaviors
Encouraging selection of healthy behaviors as a a coping strategy
Enforcing patterns of social control
Shaping norms
How do socioeconomic status, culture, and religion affect health?
Culture
culture can define what is healthy or unhealthy and affect daily habits of life, influencing direct parts of health such as diet as well as cultural practices that can b harmful
Religion
specific practices can be encouraged and condemned, which can have beneficial or adverse effects on health
Socioeconomic status
health status is strongly associated with socioeconomic status
Can individual health behavior be changed?
Much of preventable disease is related to behavior of individuals
a wide range of behavioral motivations and factors needs to addressed
Why are some individual health behaviors easier to change than others?
Behaviors that are easier to change can be substituted and result in potentially large payoffs
How can individual behavior be changed?
Theories are used help understand how to change individual behavior. One popular theory is the Stages of Change Model
Contemplation
Action Phase
Precontemplation
Maintenance
How can group and population interventions complement individual interventions?
individual behavior develops and changes in response to group and population influences
They can reinforce individual interventions
Best way for results is combining individual with group and population
What are other widely used theories of behavioral change?
What are other widely used theories of behavioral change?
Theory of Planned Behavior
Diffusion of Innovation theory
The health belief model
what are some effective principles for influencing individual behaviors?
Just-in-time reminders work well
Default choices are usually retained
Losses loom larger than gains
Creating new habits is key to behavioral change
How can marketing principles be used to change behavior?
Social marketing has been key
Price
Product
Place
Promotion
What role can education play in vaccine acceptance?
communicate what is and isn't known about effectiveness and safety
Be credible
Be clear
Do not wait
Express empathy and show respect
Acknowledge uncertainty and manage expectations
What can be done to achieve vaccine acceptance when education alone isn't affective?
Obligation
Innovation
Motivation
Education
How can efforts to change individual behavior be evaluated?
The PRECEDE-PROCEED planning framework