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ch. 4 Social and Behavioral Sciences and Public Health - Coggle Diagram
ch. 4 Social and Behavioral Sciences and Public Health
History and key terms
Development of social and behavioral sciences in the 19th and 20th centuries
grew due to the Industrial Revolution + the inequalities it created
goal = address social and economic inequalities
Social justice
society provides fair treatment and fair share of the rewards of society to individuals + groups of individuals
Examples of social and behavioral science used in public health
psychology
sociology
anthropology
political science
economics
communications
demography
geography
How are social systems related to health?
Complex interactions
Levels of influence within the social system
individual lifesyle factors
social and community networks (interpersonal, institutional, community)
general socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental conditions
Influencing behavior
social systems influence behavior by...
shaping norms
enforcing patterns of social control
providing opportunities to engage in healthy behaviors
encouraging selection of healthy behaviors as a coping strategy
Socioeconomic status
measures the following
family income
educational level/parent's educational level
professional status/parent's professional status
health status has been found to improve when GDP increases
Socioeconomic gradient
: individuals with a higher socioeconomic status tend to have better health outcomes
healthier living conditions
improved sanitation
access to healthcare
Culture
helps people make judgements about the world
what is good/bad
what is healthy/unhealthy
daily habits
food choices
Religion
promote/restrict certain healing practices
examples
abortion
blood transfusions
using prayer to alter health outcomes
What are social determinants of health?
Social determinants of health
conditions in which people are born, live, work, grow up, age, as well as the systems put In place to deal with illnesses that affect the quality of life
10 key categories of social determinants of health
social status
social support or alienation
food
housing
-educatiion
work
-stress
transportation
place
access to health services
Health disparities
type of difference in health that is closely linked with social/economic disadvantage
Noncommunicable
coronary heart disease
colorectal cancer screening
Environmental
air pollution
motor vehicle crashes
Communicable
HIV
Influenza vaccination
changing health behavior
examples of successful changes
cigarette smoking has been significantly reduced
SIDS has been reduced by 50% in the U.S
seatbelt usage has grown from < 25% to 80%
drunk driving has been significantly reduced
Examples of unsuccessful/negative changes
obesity rate in U.S adults has grown to 35%
texting and driving has significantly increased in recent years
Upstream factors
social structures/policies
broader social/economic forces
Downstream factors
directly involve an individual
can be changed by individual interventions
Mainstream factors
result from the relationship between an individual and a larger population/group
ex. peer pressure
predicting health behavior
theories: set of interrelated concepts that presents a systematic view of relationships among variables
models: combinations oof ideas + concepts from multiple theories and applied in specific settings
Intrapersonal
focus on characteristics of the individual
knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, motivation, past experiences, skills
Interpersonal
relationships between people
other people influence behavior by sharing thoughts, advice, feelings
Population/community
factors within social structures
norms, rules, regulations, policies, laws