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Ch.4 + Grossman article - Coggle Diagram
Ch.4 + Grossman article
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Ways Social Systems Influence Health and Health behavior:
- Shaping norms - certain behaviors may become generally accepted among social groups
- Enforcing patterns of social control - having rules and regulations in place creates structure for society, which can affect health
- Providing opportunities to engage in healthy behaviors - the opportunities, or lack thereof in our surroundings can have a strong influence on our health
- Encouraging selection of healthy behaviors as a coping strategy - ex: going on a run or walk to relieve stress
Out of all the races, African Americans teens had the highest usage of condoms.
Behavior is easy to change when the behavior can be substituted for a similar one and results in a potentially large payoff. On the contrary, difficult behavioral changes are typically ones that have a physiological component or an addictive element..
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Teens who are in an established relationship usually use condoms less compared to teens in newer relationships.
A study was conducted on young adults to see how the Stages of Change Model help assess condom usage.
The participants were grouped into 4 categories: Progressors, Nonprogressors, Maintainers and Relapsers.
The supportive data (graphs and charts) ended up proving their hypothesis right. However, there were cons to the study. It didn't consider all variables that may be associated with the Stage of Change Model (ex: self-efficacy). The study also did 3 month intervals instead of 6 months intervals for individuals in the maintenance stage. Lastly, the study's average age was 18-21. This didn't take into consideration younger teens (like 15 and up), who start engaging in sexual activities.
Socioeconomic status, systemic racism and culture/religion can be a factor in people's health and opinions or accessibility to medical treatments.
Stages of Change Model is a 5 stage model (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action phase, maintenance phase) that hypothesizes the process of behavioral change.
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Theory of Planned Behavior is a theory of behavior change that proposes that behavioral intentions is influenced by individuals attitudes toward performing a behavior, their beliefs about their control over performing the behavior.
Health Belief Model is a widely used intrapersonal theory that contends that individuals will change behavior if they believe the condition has serious consequences, taking action would benefit them, are exposed ot factors that prompt action and believe their ability to successfully perform the action.
Attributes of innovation that affect it:
- relative advantage
- compatibility
- complexity
- trialability
- observability
There are 3 types of adopters: early, early majority and late adopters
Precede-Proceed steps:
- Social Assessment
- Epidemiological assessment
- Behavioral and environmental assessment
- Environmental and organizational assessment
- Administrative and policy assessment
- Implementation
- Process evaluation
- Impact evaluation
- Outcome evaluation