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CRIME AND DEVIANCE (1) - RIGHT REALISM - Coggle Diagram
CRIME AND DEVIANCE (1) - RIGHT REALISM
BIOSOCIAL DIFFERENCES
wilson and hernstein
: crime is caused by biological + social factors
some are more innately predisposed to crime, e.g. those with certain personality types/ low intelligence (hernstein & murray)
UNDERCLASS/ SOCIALISATION
effective socialisation can reduce risk of offending, and this comes best from traditional nuclear family
MURRAY
crime increases due to an underclass w/ inadequate socialisation
the welfare state + welfare dependency plays its part in this; more lone-parent families formed due to benefits availability, so fathers fail to be present + act as male role models for children
welfare dependency means fathers no longer feel the need to take responsibility; boys lack paternal discipline, so turn to delinquency to look for adequate male role model substitutes
through this process, they can gain status
RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY
individuals have free will and power of reason
clarke
: the decision to commit crime is based on weighing benefits with costs
costs of crime are perceived to be low, which is why crime rate increased
felson
: three factors for a crime to occur
motivated offender
suitable target
absence of 'capable guardian'
EVALUATION
ignores wider structural causes
can explain utilitarian crime, but not impulsive
claims behaviour is determined by biology + socialisation; overemphasises bio factors (lilly et al)