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5.2 TFPS and food choice - Coggle Diagram
5.2 TFPS and food choice
Increased sustainabiliity may be achieved through
altering human activity ro reduce meat consumption and increase consumption of organically grown and produced terrestrial food product
improving accuracy of food labels to assist consumers in making informed food choices
monitoring and control of the standards and practices of multinational and national food corporations by governmental and intergovernmental bodies
planting buffer zones around suitable land for food productions to absorb nutrients runoffs
factors influencing type of farming choosen
environmental condition (weather)
access to vehicles and transportation
financial funds
cultural and environmental value system
goverment initiatives
factors influencing sustainability of terrestrial food production system
scale
industrialization
mechaization
fossil fuel used
pest control
fertilizers
water use
seed, crop, and livestock choice
pollinators
antibiotics
legislation
commercial vs subsistence
main strands of food security
define: is when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to maintain healthy and active life
food availability
sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis
food access
having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for nutritious diet
food use
appropriate used based of knowledge of basic nutrition and care as well as adequate
water and sanitation.
threats
pushing more people to poverty
eroding the development gains
endangering political stability
Factors causing imbalance and inequalities food distribution
sociopolitics
• The global agricultural production and trading system, built on import tariffs and export subsidies, creates great distortions favoring production in MEDCs and disadvantages in LEDCs.
• Import tariffs imposed by MEDCs make the import of food more expensive:- knock-on effects for exporting countries.
• Huge domestic support & export subsidies (MEDCs) :- make farm product from LEDCs uncompetitive. Eg rice subsidies for farmer in USA affecting rice farmer in Asia-Pacific Region.
• An inadequate international system of monitoring and deploying food relief.
• Disagreements over the use of trans-boundary resources such as river systems and aquifers
ecological
Significant periods of poor weather and a number of severe weather events
Climate change & global warming impact on LEDCs more than MEDCs
Droughts has reduced amount of growing land
Declining biodiversity may impact on food production in the future
ncreasing problems of soil degradation in both MEDC and LEDCs
economics
Demand for cereal grains has outstripped supply in recent years
Rising energy prices and agricultural production and transport costs
Underinvestment in agricultural production technology in LEDCs
production of food for local markets has declined in many LEDCs as more food has been
produced for export.
Rising demand in biofuel in MEDCs→ LEDCs are increasingly allocating fertile lands for the
growth of biofuel crops
technology
MEDCs use high levels of technology, low labor, high fuel costs, mechanized agriculture,
fertilizer and pesticides
MEDCs has become more technocentric → introduction of GM crops
LEDCs use low level of technology, lack of capital, uses high levels of labour, working
animal dependence.
MEDCs → large monocultures
LEDCs → mixed cropping on the small scale
Aquatic vs Terrestrial
Terrestrial more efficient use of solar energy
less solar energy reach aquatic system
Aquatic often offer higher trophic level
Aquatic more efficient in energy passing along food chain
more skeletal waste in terrestrial
causes of food waste/loss
LEDCs (food loss)
harvesting
Damaged or inappropriate size or misshaped product, inefficient harvesting
processing & packaging
Damage to product during washing or preparation + Loss to insects, rodents
Distribution
Inadequate local transport and poor infrastructure + poorly maintained road
Storage
store under unsuitable farm site conditions – mold and pest destroy or degrade
large quantities of food material
Retailer
Aesthetic standards, packaging defects, overstocking
Inadequate refrigeration
Consumer
Excess food purchases, inappropriate storage, misunderstanding labeling
MEDCs (food waste)
Retailer
eject entire crops (fruit and vegetable) because they do not meet exact marketing standard such as size and appearance.
Food is unsold and disposed of as waste if it passes the ‘display by date’.
Custpomer Behavior
Purchase excessive quantity (promotion)→ home wastage
Food is thrown away if it exceeds the ‘best before date’.
Factors influencing type of food production system
economic
transpost market and technology
cost of growing crops and livestock
investment in building and machinery
political
-Price support loan,
production controls
subsidy or put tariffs to encourage or discourage
food labelling
ecological
Local climate determine what
will grow on earth
temperature,
precipitation, soil
type and fertility,
angle of slope,
wind intensity etc
cultural
Some culture
favour subsistence farming
some religious proscribe certain food
connsumer power
socioeconomic
Market force
determine supply and demand