The earth moves in two ways: spinning and orbiting. When the earth spins, it rotates on its invisible axis, creating day and night. When the earth orbits it moves around the Sun in an oval shaped path, and this about 365.25 days to complete.
The tilt in the Earth's axis causes the seasons. When it is Summer, the Earth's axis point towards the Sun where it receives a lot of sunlight. When it is Winter, the Earth's axis points away from the Sun, where it receives less sunlight. When the axis is pointed sideways, it created Autumn and Spring because the Earth receives an equal amount of sunlight and darkness.

Key Concept: Understanding the Earth's tilt and seasonal changes.

Leaves grow, change, and eventually fall off trees in a continuous process called the leaf cycle.
Stage 1: Growth (Spring) Trees usually produce new leaves in Spring. These leaves are small, tender and green. These leaves contain tiny factories called chloroplasts that help make food from the sunlight. Stage 2: Maturing (Summer) The leaves of the trees grow and they mature. These leaves produces food to the tree through a process called photosynthesis. The green pigment in the leaves is called chlorophyll and this helps the leave to absorb sunlight. Stage 3: Change (Autumn) During Autumn, the days are shorter and the temperatures starts to cool down. The trees are now preparing for Winter by slowing their growth. The chlorophyll breaks down and the leaves start to change colour to red, yellow and orange. After the leaves have changed colour, it starts to fall off the trees. Stage 4: Rest (Winter) During Winter, the trees rest and they conserve their energy. New buds will develop, ready for Spring growth.

Activity: The learners will create a diagram illustrating the Earth's tilt at an angle and the different seasons depending on where the Earth's axis is pointed.

Key Concept: Exploring photosynthesis and the changes in the leave cycle.

Activity: The learners will observe and record leaf changes, creating a timeline. They will collect different coloured leaves from the playground and order them from Stage 1 to Stage 4, depending on the colour and appearance of the leaf.

Different foods and plants and vegetables grow during different seasons. Foods and vegetables that grows during Autumn are:
Broccoli, cauliflower, kale, carrots, lettuce, spinach

Key Concept: Understanding food and vegetable growth during seasons.

Activity: The teacher can organize a class food drive where all the foods that grow during Autumn can be on display and the class could visit a local farmer's market to explore the variety of foods sold during Autumn.