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CRIME AND DEVIANCE - INTERACTIONISM (BOOKLET 1) - Coggle Diagram
CRIME AND DEVIANCE - INTERACTIONISM (BOOKLET 1)
SELECTIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT
BECKER
agencies are particular with how they deal with crime, leading to selective law enforcement
police have stereotypes as to what they think causes crime/ deviance, influencing responses
something is only deviant when perceived + defined as deviant
CICOUREL
the cjs holds bias, thinking delinquency originates from the w-c/ inadequate parenting
convicted youths who fall under these categories were less likely to be offered alternatives
w-c youth more likely to be arrested than m-c due to stereotypes/ bias
PRIMARY/ SECONDARY DEVIANCE (LEMERT)
PRIMARY DEVIANCE
not publicly labelled as crime/ deviance
more common, so less likely to be have singular cause/ can be rationalised as they have little significance
SECONDARY DEVIANCE
public exposure + labelling
labelling comes from reaction
stigma, exclusion
label overrides = master status
SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY
BECKER
self-fulfilling prophecy -> deviant career
the people that fall into this face rejection/ labelled 'outsiders'
institutions (prisons) make the label stick, could lead to further deviance, closing off alternative legitimate opportunities
deviant careers start when one joins a deviant group, where they look for support and understanding
YOUNG
hippie marijuana smokers study (notting hill)
at first: use was common/ leisurely + in small amounts
political/ public pressure to crack down on drug users, believing marijuana was a gateway drug
more hippies arrested, seen as 'druggies', ridding them of legal opportunities
label became reality as hippies turned to harder drugs, creating subculture for drug use
EVALUATION
good insight into role of powerful in crime creation + how deviant careers are established
deterministic - suggests label = master status + ignores people might actively choose deviance
fails to identify causes of primary deviance + distinguish different degrees of crime
ignores that labelling could come from seriousness/ frequency of offence, not biases