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Depression and Recovery - Coggle Diagram
Depression and Recovery
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The new deal
Roosevelt demanded extra powers to take action quickly, this was granted for 100 days (8th March - 16th June 1933) He had 3 aims: Relieve, Recover and Reform. Roosevelt gained the publics trust by giving fireside chats over the radio explaining new legislation and agencies, He sorted out the banks and ended prohibition. He developed his alphabet agencies which aided his 3 aims and redeveloped the country.
1930s Popular culture
Radio: $28 million homes had a radio by 1939. Radios often used adverts to sell products that listeners were encouraged to buy. NBC and CBS were developed
Sport: Baseball became the American pass time and some teams became famous outside of the USA. Some stadiums gave free admissions to women to boost interest within families. Those who couldn't travel to games could listen on the radio.
Cars: People could travel to cinemas, malls and sports venues. Despite the war younger people were still better off because they were mobile
Cinema: Talkies began to replace silent movies, some films reflected 1930s America such as the grapes of wrath and others were escapism films like the Wizard of Oz.
Impact of WW2
War time production: by 1944 USA was producing almost half of the weapons being made in the war - 2x production of Germany and Japan combined. Production increased because: Willing industries, extra workers and Women
Economic recovery: USA emerged economically stronger, half million new businesses started in WW2 e.g. Wrigley's gum and Coca-Cola. War decreased unemployment and wages went up. War bonds were invested in $129 billion invested into the war in bonds
Lend lease: USAs main form of support for Allies. It sent food, arms, medicine and equipment to Allies - This was all a loan but did not have to be bought if destroyed. $50.1 billion worth of materials shipped. Boosted USA economy
Social development: USA home life was largely unaffected by war, However taxes were increased and national debt rose to 6x what it had been in 1941. People thought there was no other option than to end isolationism after pearl harbour.
Changes for people
Women
Many men were still prejudiced towards working married women, returning soldiers expected their wives to return to their domestic roles again
Nearly 300,000 women joined the women's army corps. The % of married working women went up from 35% to 50% between 1941 and 1945. In a government survey 60% of American plant managers said that women were their best workers.
Due to men being away at war the women took over men's jobs. 1 in 3 aircraft workers were women and 1 in 2 munitions and electronic workers were women.
African Americans
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Many migrated from the South to the North and saw that segregation was not that common outside of the southern communities. After the war there was conflict between African Americans who had grown to expect change and Southern white Americans who expected things to return to the way they were before the war.
Over 1 million African-American soldiers joined or were conscripted into the war and when stationed in Britain 1943-44 were able to go into pubs and restaurants unsegregated
1932 election
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Roosevelt won the election with 7million more voters than Hoover. But when he became president he had to wait 2 months between being elected to becoming president, During this time the depression got worse.
Roosevelt: Government schemes to provide more jobs, measures to revive industry and agriculture, relief for poor and unemployed, protection for workers and getting rid of prohibition.