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Terrestrial Food Production System, Food Crisis, produced for export. -…
Terrestrial Food Production System
Type of farming chosen and levels of food production will dependent on:
Environmental conditions e.g. weather (precipitation, sunlight, temperature), topography and soil conditions
Access to vehicles and technology, such as tractors and animal feeding system
Available financial funds to purchase land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides,
equipment and labor.
Cultural and environmental value systems
Government and political initiatives
Farms can specialize in particular types of products
arable farms will focus on crops such as corn
pastoral farms focus on rearing animals
Intensive subsistence farming provide food for own use and some for sale
profit
‘mixed’ farms that produce both
Organic farming – prohibits GMOs and chemical pesticides.
Subsistence farms (shifting, nomadic) provide food for own use
Cash crops for market only.
Intensive commercial (crop, animal) large scale for profit.
Food availability : sufficient quantities of food available on a consistent basis.
Food access : having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for nutritious diet.
Food use : appropriate used based of knowledge of basic nutrition and care as well as adequate water and sanitation
What is food security? – is when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe nutritious
food to maintain a healthy and active life.
IMBALANCE FOOD
DISTRIBUTION
disadvantages in LEDCs.
export subsidies, creates great distortions favoring production in MEDCs and
• The global agricultural production and trading system, built on import tariffs and
Socio political
Ecological - some climate and soils are better for food production
• Significant periods of poor weather and a number of severe weather events have had a
major impact on harvests in key food exporting nations.
Economic - advance technology and money can overcome ecological limitation (transportation
of water)
• Demand for cereal grains has outstripped supply in recent years.
• Rising energy prices and agricultural production and transport costs have pushed up costs all
along the farm-to-market chain.
• Underinvestment in agricultural production technology in LEDCs has resulted in poor
productivity and underdeveloped rural infrastructure.
• The production of food for local markets has declined in many LEDCs as more food has been
• Rising demand in biofuel in MEDCs→ LEDCs are increasingly allocating fertile lands for the
growth of biofuel crops. Eg Jatropha plant in India.
Technology - underinvestment in rural area and rapid area in LEDCs; poor human health
weaken available labor force
• MEDCs use high levels of technology, low labor, high fuel costs, mechanized agriculture,
fertilizer and pesticides to intensify production.
• MEDCs has become more technocentric → introduction of GM crops
• LEDCs use low level of technology, lack of capital, uses high levels of labour, working
animal dependence.
• MEDCs → large monocultures, LEDCs → mixed cropping on the small scale
Case study
Shifting Cultivation
Wet Rice
Cereal Farming
Food Crisis
3- endangering political stability in some countries.
2- eroding the development gains that have been achieved in many countries in recent decades
1- pushing more people into poverty
Threats of the current food crisis:-
produced for export.