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Naming of Skeletal Muscles - Coggle Diagram
Naming of Skeletal Muscles
Direction
relative to midline of the body or longitudinal axis of a structure
Rectus: parallel. e.g. rectus abdominis
Transverse: perpendicular. e.g. transverse abdominis
Oblique: diagonally. e.g. external oblique
Location
Based on a structure that the muscle is found close to
e.g. frontalis muscle: near frontal bone
e.g. tibialis anterior: near the front of the tibia
Size
Relative size of the muscle
Maximus. e.g. Gluteus maximus
minimus. e.g. Gluteus minimus
longus. e.g. adductor longus
Brevis. e.g. peroneus brevis
Number of origins
Number of tendons of origin
Biceps. e.g. biceps brachii
Triceps. e.g. triceps brachii
Quadriceps. e.g. Quadriceps femoris
Origin and insertion
where the muscle originates and what it inserts into
E.g. sternocleidomastoid: originates on sternum(sterno-) and clavicle (-cleido-) and inserts on the mastoid process (-mastoid)
Relative Shape
Deltoid (triangular)
e.g. deltoid
Trapezius (trapezoid)
e.g. trapezius
Serratus (saw toothed)
e.g. serratus anterior
Rhomboideus (Rhomboid
e.g. rhomboideus major
Action
Primary action of muscle
Flexor
Decrease joint angle. e.g. Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor
Increase joint angle. e.g. Extensor carpi ulnaris
Abductor
moves bone away from midline. e.g. abductor pollicis brevis
Adductor
Moves bone towards midline. e.g. adductor brevis
Levator
Upward motion. e.g. levator labii superioris
Depressor
Downward motion. e.g. depressor labii inferioris
Supinator
Turns palm upward or anteriorly.
Pronator
Turns palm downward or posteriorly. e.g. pronator teres
Sphincter
controls size of an opening. e.g. sphincter pupillae
Tensor
Makes body part more rigid. e.g. tensor fascia lata
Shape
Flat: parallel fibers with aponeurosis. external oblique
Pennate: feather-shaped with oblique fibers
Unipennate: fibers on one side of tendon. external digitorum longus
Bipennate: fibers on both sides of tendon. rectus femoris
Multipennate: several bipennate. deltoid
Fusiform: spindle shaped. biceps brachii
Convergent: broad origin converging on single tendon. pectoralis major
Quadrate: four equal sides. rectus abdominis
Circular (sphincter): surround and constrict openings. orbicularis oris
Multi headed/bellied: more than one head/belly. biceps or triceps brachii