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1.1 Systems Architecture - Coggle Diagram
1.1 Systems Architecture
1.1.1 Architecture of the CPU
Components
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Shift operations
Arithmetic operations
Logic operations (AND, OR, NOT, NOR)
Onboard Cache
Small but fast memory
Stores frequently used instructions
CU (Control Unit)
Decodes instructions.
Regulates and controls processor timing using the system clock.
Controls the execution of instructions in the correct sequence.
Sends and receives control signals to and from other devices in the system.
Registers
ACC (Accumulator)
Stores the results of calculations from the ALU
MDR (Memory Data Register)
Holds the data or instructions temporarily after it has been fetched.
MAR (Memory Address Register
Holds the memory address of the instruction or data to be fetched
PC (Program Counter)
Holds the memory address of the next instruction to be processed
1.1.2 Factors affecting CPU performance
Cache size
Too small and it won't have enough space.
Too large and it will take too long to find the data.
The size of the onboard cache.
Number of cores
A core is a single processor.
Most modern computers have multiple cores
The amount of FDE cycles the CPU can handle simultaneously.
Clock speed
Higher clock speed – Faster instructions are processed – Faster running computer
Bottlenecks (usually by RAM)
Measured in Hertz.
The speed at which the processor processes.
1.1.3 Embedded Systems
Examples
Air Conditioning
Calculator
Dryer
Sat-nav
Dishwasher
Definition
A computer within a larger system that has a specific function.
Dedicated to a specific task
Advantages
Inexpensive as they only have one function
Low power use than a general purpose computer.
Can be more easily programmed for their function as they only need one program
Programs can be written in assembly language.
Assembly language is processor specific.
They can make greater usage of sensors
Embedded systems can be used in locations that may not be physically accessible
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