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EPQ: Difference in healthcare provisions between Denmark and the UK, UK: …

- - - - UK: The number of doctors per head of population has more than tripled since 1960, when there was 0.85 doctors for every 1000 people. Over the same period the UK population has grown by 23% cumulatively equivalent to an average annual increase of 0.38%
        
        UK students pay up to £9,250 (€11,070) per year in tuition fees for medical universities.
        
        https://blog.medlinkstudents.com/how-much-does-it-cost-to-become-a-doctor-in-the-uk/#:~:text=of%20their%20education.-,How%20Much%20Does%20It%20Cost%20to%20Study%20Medicine%20in%20the,city%20and%20type%20of%20accommodation.
    - - There are four medical schools, all public, offering medical studies lasting six years. None of them charge tuition fees.
        
        https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/denmark
- - - - Summary:
        
        Denmark has a universal and tax-financed health system with a relatively decentralised organisational structure
      - UK:
        
        Source: https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/insight-and-analysis/data-and-charts/nhs-budget-nutshell#:~:text=The%20vast%20majority%20of%20public,as%20prescriptions%20and%20dental%20treatment.
        
        The vast majority of public NHS funding comes from general taxation and National Insurance contributions.
        
        A small proportion of funding (1% of the total Department of Health and Social Care budget in 2022/23) comes from patient charges for services such as prescriptions and dental treatment.
        
        The level of NHS funding in a given year is set by central government through the Spending Review process.
      - Summary of what each level of the Danish Healthcare system does:
        
        The state holds the overall regulatory and supervisory functions in health and elderly care.
        
        The 5 regions are responsible for hospital care, including emergency care, psychiatry, and for healthcare services provided by general practitioners (GPs) and specialists in private practice.
        
        The 98 municipalities are responsible for a number of primary health and social services, for instance elderly care services, rehabilitation outside hospital, home nursing, child dental treatment, child nursing, and physiotherapy. In addition, municipalities co-finance regional rehabilitation services and training facilities.
      - Muncipality --> a town or district that has local government.
      - Source: https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/denmark
        
        Health care is financed mainly through a progressive national income tax.
        
        The national government allocates heath care funding to regions and municipalities, mostly as block grants, with amounts adjusted for demographic and social differences.
        
        These grants finance 77 percent of regional health functions.
        
        The remainder of financing for regional services comes from municipal activity-based payments, which are financed through a combination of municipal progressive income taxes and state block grants.
- - - - Weaknesses:
        
        maintaining coverage in remote rural and disadvantaged urban areas
        
        increasing
        demands and pressure on primary care without increased capacity
        
        fragmentation of the health system
        
        quality assurance
        
        To reduce variation in care quality, the Danish Health Authority has laid out standard treatment pathways, with priorities including chronic disease prevention and follow-up interventions.
        
        https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/denmark