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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) - Coggle Diagram
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Asthma
Definition
Disorder that occurs in the bronchial airways
Characterized by periods of bronchospasm
Chronic Bronchitis
Definition
Occurs because of an infection leading to an excessive secretion of bronchial mucus
Productive cough that lasts for (3-7 months in 2 consecutive years)
Pathology
Smoking
Bronchial irritation
↑ Size & no. of Goblet cells → Mucus ++
↓ Ciliary function
Bronchial edematous
Clinical Manifestation
Productive cough
Dyspnoea
Wheezing
Blue bloaters
Cynosis
Peripheral edema
Emphysema
Definition
Disorder in the alveolar wall is destroyed leading to permanent over distension of air space
Pathology
a-1 antitripsin deficiency
Breakdown of elastin in lungs
Destruction of alveolar wall, alveoli and lung capillary bed
Loss of elastic coil
Clinical Manifestation
Sit forward position
Thin
Pink puffers
Barrel chest
Use assesory muscle
Chronic dry cough
Bronchiectasis
Definition
Chronic dilatation of bronchi and bronchioles
Dilatation occurs d/t the inflammation and destruction of the walls
Pathology
Chronic infection
Bronchial wall damage
Inflammatory scar
Permanent distension
Thick mucus
Clinical Manifestations
Clubbing of fingers
Hemoptisis
Purulent sputum ++
Chronic cough
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Definition
Group of conditions associated with Chronic Obstruction of airflow entering/leaving the lungs where hypoxia is the stimulus for respiration
Conditions
Respiratory failure
Death
Right hear failure/Cor pulmonale
Causes
Occupational Exposure
Airway Infection
Air Pollution
Familial/Hereditary
Cigarette Smoking (#1 Cause)
Pathology
Airway Obstruction
Airway Trapping
Frequent Infection
Hypoxemia/Hypoventilation
Right Heart Failure (Cor Pulmonale)
Diagnostic Investigations
Lung Function Test
Volume & force of air breathed in & out
ECG
Effect on heart and lung
CXR (Chest X-Ray)
Bad lung damaged
FBC (Full Blood Count)
Oxygen content
ABG
Level of O2 & CO2 in blood
Sputum AFB & C&S
Infection such as Chronic Bronchitis
Serum a-1-antitrypsin
Genetic cause (such as Emphysema)
Management
Drugs
Corticosteroids
Diuretics
Antibiotics
Bronchodilators
Vaccination
a1-antitripsin therapy
Diet
Fluids ++
Liquid to soft high protein low carbohydrate small but frequent meals
Emotional support
Avoid blaming
Support group
Long term care
Improve O2
Rest
DBE & cough exercises
Position
O2
Stop smoking/exposure to irritants
Health Education
Diet
Avoid strain & constipation
Rest between meal
Fluids
Special diet
Lifestyle
Adequate rest
Limit activity
Healthy living
Stop smoking
Medication
Effects/side effect
Wear medical alert
Demonstrate use of neb/MDI/PFM
5R
Knowledge
Monitoring
Avoid irritants
Signs of infection/emergency & action
Importance of immunization (influenza & pneumonia
About disease
Follow up
Importance of reminding date
Complications
Bronchiectasis
Chronic Bronchitis
Asthma
Emphysema