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Interaction of toxic agents - Coggle Diagram
Interaction of toxic agents
Additive effect
Combined effect of two chemicals equal to sum of each alone
Eg 2+3=5
Synergistic effect
Combined effects of two chemicals greater than sum of each alone
2+2=20
Potentiation
One substance does not have a toxic effect on organ but when added to another chemical it is much more toxic
Eg. 0+2=10
Antagonism
Two chemicals interfere with each other’s actions
Functional antagonism
Two chemicals counterbalance each other producing opposite effects on same physiological function
Eg. Barbiturate intoxication causes severe fall in BP which is antagonized by IV norepinephrine
Chemical antagonism
Reaction between two compounds produce less toxic product
Metal toxicity antagonized by metal chelators
Animal toxins antagonized by antitoxins
Receptor antagonism
Two chemicals compete to the binding on the same receptors
Receptor antagonists are termed blockers
Dispositional antagonism
ADME are altered so concentration or duration at target organ are diminished