Nautical terms

Structures

Ships

a sailing ship
a sea-going vessel that uses sails mounted on masts to harness the power of wind and propel the vessel
парусное судно, парусник

wharf
a man-made landing place for ships on a shore or river bank; an area like a wide wall built near the edge of the sea or a river where ships can be tied and goods can be taken off them


parallel to the shore
причал; пристань
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pier
a raised structure that rises above a body of water and usually juts out from its shore, typically supported by piles or pillars, and provides above-water access to offshore areas


may be synonymous with a dock in AmE


generally used in AmE to refer to structures originally intended for industrial use, such as seafood processing or shipping, and more recently for cruise ships


also commonly used in AmE to refer to wooden or metal structures that extend into the ocean from beaches and are used, for the most part, to accommodate fishing in the ocean without using a boat
пирс
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dock
BrE: an enclosed area of water used for loading, unloading, building or repairing ships; a dockyard (or shipyard) consists of one or more docks with supporting structures


AmE: technically, any man-made structure in the water intended for people to be on, and thus synonymous with a pier or a wharf; however, in modern use, dock is used for almost anything not covered by pier, often with a qualifier, such as ferry dock, swimming dock, ore dock and other; the the term for the water area between piers is slip
док; пристань, пирс

quay
/kiː/
a stone or concrete structure on navigable water used for loading and unloading vessels; a wharf
пристань

quayside
/ˈkiːsaɪd/
an area alongside a quay
пристань, причал

jetty
a structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor or beach (synonyms: breakwater; mole
or
a dock or wharf extending from the shore; a pier
волнолом, волнорез, мол; причал

Parts of a sailing ship

quarterdeck
a raised deck behind the main mast of a sailing ship; includes the poop deck, when there is one


today, quarterdeck refers not to a specific deck, but to a ceremonial area designated as such by the captain, often used as the ship's reception area while in harbour
шканцы, квартердек
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poop deck
a deck that forms the roof of a cabin built in the rear, or "aft", part of the superstructure of a ship
ют
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prow
the front part of a vessel
нос

gangway
a narrow passage that joins the quarterdeck to the forecastle of a sailing ship
or
the narrow passages used to board or disembark ships
шкафут; сходня
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gangplank
a board used as a temporary footbridge between a ship and a dockside
намост, сходня
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rail
поручни корабля

forecastle
/ˈfoʊksəl/
the upper deck of a sailing ship forward of the foremast, or, historically, the forward part of a ship with the sailors' living quarters


some sailing ships and many modern non-sail ships have no forecastle as such at all, but the name is still used to indicate the foremost part of the upper deck – although often called the foredeck – and for any crew's quarters in the bow of the ship, even if below the main deck
бак
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dhow
/daʊ/
the generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with settee or sometimes lateen sails, used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region
дау
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Personnel

first mate
an officer on a merchant ship next in rank to the captain and responsible to the captain for the safety and security of the ship
старший помощник капитана (командира корабля), старпом

flotsam
refers to goods from a sunken vessel that have floated to the surface of the sea, or any floating cargo that is cast overboard; in maritime law, flotsam pertains to goods that are floating on the surface of the water as the result of a wreck or accident
обломки кораблекрушения; плавающий груз, смытый или выброшенный во время кораблекрушения

jetsam
any cargo that is intentionally discarded from a ship or wreckage
груз, выброшенный в море

lagan
goods cast overboard and heavy enough to sink to the ocean floor, but linked to a floating marker, such as a buoy or cork, so that they can be found again by the person who marked the item
груз, выброшенный за борт и обозначенный буем

derelict
goods that have sunk to the ocean floor, relinquished willingly or forcefully by its owner, and thus abandoned, but which no one has any hope of reclaiming
покинутый в море груз

galley
a type of ship which relied mostly on oars for propulsion that was used for warfare, trade, and piracy mostly in the seas surrounding Europe
галера
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trireme
an ancient vessel and a type of galley; derives its name from its three rows of oars, manned with one man per oar
трирема
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Movement of ships

Human-powered watercraft

Rowing and paddling

row
propel a human-powered watercraft using the sweeping motions of oars to displace water and generate reactional propulsion; functionally similar to paddling, but rowing requires oars to be mechanically attached to the boat, and the rower drives the oar like a lever, exerting force in the same direction as the boat's travel
грести

oar
an implement used for water-borne propulsion; unlike a paddle, the oar is connected to the vessel by means of a pivot point for the oar, either an oarlock, or a thole
весло

paddle (v)
the act of propelling a human-powered watercraft using at least one hand-held paddle
грести

paddle (n)
a handheld tool with an elongated handle and a flat, widened distal end (i.e. the blade), used as a lever to apply force onto the bladed end; unattached to the boat and freely operated with the hands
весло (безуключное)

caravel
a small sailing ship that uses both lateen and square sails; known for its agility and speed and its capacity for sailing windward
каравелла
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bow
the forward part of the hull of a ship or boat, the point that is usually most forward when the vessel is underway
нос

figurehead
a carved wooden decoration found at the bow of ships, generally of a design related to the name or role of a ship
image

dragonprow
резная голова дракона (на носу)
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barquentine
a sailing vessel with three or more masts; with a square rigged foremast and fore-and-aft rigged main, mizzen and any other masts
баркентина
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carrack
a three- or four-masted ocean-going sailing ship that was developed in the 14th to 15th centuries in Europe, most notably in Portugal and Spain
каракка
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keep station (with)
remain in a fixed position (in relation to)
сохранять позицию; следовать (не приближаясь)

off course
prepositional phrase
not following the planned, or intended, route
не по курсу, сбиваясь/отклоняясь от курса

blow

pull

foremost
closest to the bow
носовой