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monosaccharides & disaccharides - Coggle Diagram
monosaccharides & disaccharides
"double sugars"
examples
sucrose
alpha glucose + fructose
plants transport sucrose in the phloem
extracted and refined from sugar can & sugar beet
maltose
alpha glucose + alpha glucose
from either
hydrolisis of starch , e.g. germinating barley
condensation of 2 alpha glucose residues
lactose
glucose + galactose
milk sugar
definition
formed by the condensation of 2 monosaccharides
contain a glycosidic bond linking the monosaccharides
can be hydrolysed (by enzymes or heat and acid)
monosaccharide + monosaccharide -> disaccharide + water
"single sugars"
definition
monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made
examples
glucose
fructose
galactose
general formula: CnH2nOn where n usually = 3, 5 or 6
cannot be hydrolysed to any smaller carbohydrate
n=_
n=3 triose sugars
n-4 tetrose sugars
n=5 pentose sugars
isomers
C6H12O6
alpha glucose (common, e.g. glycogen, starch)
beta glucose (e.g. cellulose)
fructose (in fruit)
galactose (from lactose hydrolisis)
molecules with the same formula but different structure
differences lead to slight differences in properties
sugars:
small
carbohydrates:
contain C, H, O in the ratio CxH2yOy
low molecular weight
sweet
water soluble
crystalline
names end is _ose
