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Characteristics of contemporary processors, input, output and storage…
Characteristics of contemporary processors, input, output and storage devices
Structure and function
ALU
Calculations and Logic operations (comparison operators like ><== and will also use AND, OR, NOT)
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Buses
Data, control, address bus
Data bus, transports data and instructions
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Control bus - transmits control systems, communication with components
Width of buses is significant, wider they are the more data they can transmit
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Cache
Level 1, 2 and 3. Level 1 very fast, small capacity. Level 2 is relatively fast, medium capacity, Level 3 is much larger
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Pipelining
Completing elements of the FDE cycle simultaneously
Pipeline 1: Fetching instruction A
Pipeline 2: Decoding instruction A
Fetching instruction B
Pipeline 3: Executing A
Decoding B
Fetching C
Pipeline 4: Executed B
Decoding C
Fetching D
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Pipelining would allow one instruction to be fetched as the previous one is being decoded and the one before that is being executed
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CISC and RISC
CISC
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Commonly used in devices with microcontrollers e.g. washing machine - do complex tasks but simpler programming
RISC
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Each instruction takes one clock cycle, which means it can make use of pipelining
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