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Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long Hanoi - Hoang Thanh Thang Long Anh-Hoang…

- - - - Flag tower
      - South gate
      - Kính Thiên palace
      - Princess Place
      - North Gate
  - - - The first round
        
        The outermost and biggest round
        
        La Thành or Kinh Thành
      - The second round - *
        
        Hoàng Thành
        
        An important round surrounding palaces, towers, pagodas and temples of the royal family
      - The third round
        
        placed in the center
        
        exclusively used by the king and his royal family members to fulfill their duties.
        
        The most important round: Forbidden citty (Cấm Thành)
  - - - historical value
      - rich cultural value during over 13 centuries from the 7th century to the early 20th cen
- - - - Năm Xây:
        
        Originally built during the Le dynasty (16th century)
        
        Subsequently renovated under the Nguyen dynasty (19th cent)
      - Use
        
        Used to host many important royal ceremonies
      - Vị trí
        
        positioned to the South of Kinh Thien palace
        
        on the same axis as the Hanoi Flag tower
      - Các cửa
        
        The most spacious entrance- designated for the King
        
        The two smaller entrance on the 2 sides- mandarins + royal family members
        
        2 smaller doors on each side- soldiers + servants serving in the Forbiden City.
      - Mô tả
        
        Is constructed in U shape
        
        Consists of 5 arched gates
        
        using stone and bricks
      - Định Nghĩa
        
        the main entrances leading to the Forbidden city
        
        The innermost gate/
      - MÔN LÂU TOWER: destroyed
      - A small "Phương Đình":
        
        a square tower building with 2 roofs built on top of Doan Mon
        
        a front shrine structure is built in front of the main shrine of the communal house
  - - - at a depth of 1.2m - the Forbidden City of the Le dynasty (15-18 century)
        
        The remains of the stone pavers in the basement of the building
        
        The dragon courtyard
        
        The royal alley
        
        The stone and bricks paving is notable for its strong appearance
      - Digging deeper, at a depth of 1.9m
        
        Traces of the path paved with lemon flower tree tile - a typical feature of the Tran dysnasty (13-14 cent)
        
        Recognized for its delicate decoration
        
        The road on the divine axis connecting Doan Mon gate with Kinh Thien Palace
    - - Protected by a glass frame --> difficult to fully appreciated the original beauty of the construction
      - The remmnants from different historical periods of the capital tend to overlap/ intertwine in the central area of the imperial citadel
      - making a whole complex of historical layers of the capital
      - a rich and diverse history of Thang Long
- - - - Các triều đại
        
        7th century: Đại La
        
        Đinh - Pre Lê dynasty: Capital - located in Hoa Lư,Ninh Bình
        
        1010- Lý dynasty
        
        Đại La (now HN) was chosen as the new capital of the country by King Ly Thai To in Ly Dynasty (1009 - 1225)
        
        Shortly after moving to the capital, the imperial citadel of TL was built and finished in early 1011
        
        In the Trần Dynasty (1226-1400) - (13- 14cent) and early Lê Dynasty (1428-1527) (15-18 cent)
        
        The Citadel contined to be used
        
        Repaired and kept on building new architectures
        
        1428-1788: Lê Sơ dynasty- Lê Lợi (Lê Thái Tổ)
        
        1407: Chinese Ming invaded VN (2 decades)
        
        Lê Lợi overthrew the Ming and founded the Le dynasty
        
        1527: Mạc dynasty
        
        1592: Lê Trung Hưng dynasty
        
        The imperial Citadel of TL was severely damaged by wars during
        
        Mac dynasty (1527- 1592)
        
        Le dynasty (1593 - 1789)
        
        1802: Nguyễn dynasty
        
        1802 - 1945
        
        1802 Nguyen took control of the country
        
        last feugal dynasty
        
        King Ming Mạng was the one who changed the name of TL into Hanoi (as called until today)
      - The entire Indochina was taken over
        
        The French chose HN - as the capital of the French indochina federation
        
        The Imperial Citadel of TL was demolished by the French Army
        
        1954
        
        VNese army took over the liberation of HN
        
        The citadel became the headquarters of the Ministry of Defense
        
        Present time
        
        HN imperial Citadel is one of the most popular tourist attractions in HN
    - - HOA LU
        
        41 years after the Dinh and Pre Le dynasties set up their capital in Hoa Lu
        
        King Ly Thai To
        
        King Lý Thái Tổ observed that Hoa Lư's geographical constraints, characterized by
        
        narrowness
        
        and mountainous surroundings
        
        , which made it unsuitable for the country's development.
        
        Additionally, its closeness to the border posed a risk of invasions.
      - DAI LA
        
        He discovered Đại La
        
        , an area that was spacious but flat, and high and bright, with a thriving population and a greater chance of prosperity.
        
        Surrounded by lakes and rivers, it was ideal for developing the country, particularly its economy.
      - MOVING THE CAPITAL
        
        mark a significant turning point in history
        
        in the autumn of 1010,
        
        King Lý Công Uẩn (or Lý Thái Tổ) moved the capital city from Hoa Lư, Ninh Bình to Đại La.
      - Old legend name
        
        . As soon as the royal dragon boat landed at the wharf in Đại La citadel
        
        he suddenly saw a gold dragon
        
        Then he changed the name of the citadel to Thăng Long (Dragon was flying up to the sky).
        
        Over the course of more than 1000 years, the city has blossomed into a unique center of culture and economy.
  - - - In Vietnamese culture, for a long time, - one of 4 sacred animals
        
        Dragon - power
        
        Phoenix - intellect
        
        Turtle - longevity
        
        Unicorn - Nobility
      - Dragon is associated with power and strength
    - - is often depicted in architectural works such as royal palaces, temples, pagodas, tombs
      - A dragon decorated in pagodas and palaces
        
        displays a regal posture
        
        with its head held high
        
        and a round jade held in its wide-open mouth.
    - - Ability
        
        can fly in the sky
        
        hide in the clouds
        
        swim
        
        walk
        
        crawl
      - reflects people’s desire to free themself from restriction and limitations
- - - - Designed and built in 1967 --> Called the house D67
      - Full name: the Meeting room of the Poliburo and Central Military Commission
    - - in 1967: U.S Air Force started raiding HN
      - To ensure the workplace of the headquarters during the war --> The Defense ministry decided to build a house in Zone A - as the Headquarters of the Defense Ministry
    - - A simple military structure >< high usage value
    - - 7 years
      - Provided a safe place for the commanders in chief
        
        to work
        
        plan policies
        
        direct the successful implementation of the final phase of the resistance war against the US.
      - One of the precious military relics of the HCM era in 20th cent
  - - - The mains of Hậu Lâu which are visible today are not the original architecture
      - it was severely damaged when the French invaded Hanoi in the late 19th century.
      - remains of Hậu Lâu is only the underground basement.
    - - residence of the queens and princesses
    - - The ground floor was constructed as a rectangle
      - while the first and second floors were designed with overlapping roofs and curved corners
    - - At the end of the 19th century, Hậu Lâu was severely damaged,
      - after which the French rebuilt the monument as today.
  - - - was built on the Nùng mount
      - by King Lê Thái Tổ
      - in 1428
      - not the first structure of this type to be built on this site
    - - The first construction - 1010 - King Ly Thai To
      - Name Cần Nguyên (origin of heaven)
      - Was struck several times by lightning
        
        High
        
        Center place
      - King Ly Thai To rebuilt and renamed it Thiên An - the quiet sky
    - - Only vestiges of basement remain
      - it was destroyed by the French in 1886
    - - Dragon steps/ dragon ladder
        
        The most important feature
        
        divided into 3 sections
        
        The central walkway - was reserved for the King
        
        The 2 lateral paths were provided for the mandarins
      - The altar
        
        Over 800 years - this place was used for 52 kings + their families to live
        
        Dragon house
        
        An altar to worship 52 Kings
        
        Ly - Tran - Le - Mac dynasties