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THE STETHOSCOPE - Coggle Diagram
THE STETHOSCOPE
Laennec's impact
invention of the stethoscope
a rolled quire of paper made into cylinder based on Laennec's childhood experience
development of the stethoscope
Cammann's contribution
binaural stethoscope with two ivory-tipped earpieces connected to an ebony chest plate by cloth-covered, spiral-wire tubes
transition to a stiff wooden model
division into sections (mobility)
modern stethoscope
price
£80 or more
characteristics
simple
2 plastic earpieces attached by rubber tubes with interchangeable "heads"
a flat diaphragm
allows to hear distinct, high-frequency sounds
a domelike bell
allows to detect soft, low-frequency noises
precision-engineered
fully-fledged
diagnosis before the stethoscope (18th century)
anatomic dissection
"direct auscultation"
the patient's verbal description of symptoms