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Week 7 Readings - Coggle Diagram
Week 7 Readings
The study found that risk attitudes and condom communication differentiated those in early versus later stages of change. Change in attitudinal variables and condom communication was associated with movement across stages.
Results show that condom communication significantly changes across time for both relapsers and progressors. Baseline peer norms, perceptions of vulnerability, and alcohol/marijuana use were less relevant in predicting transitions across the stages of change
For the relapse group, condom communication decreases over six months, while for progressors, it increases.
The study found that communication about sexual behavior can enhance condom use among adolescents, particularly those who are new to the behavior.
Condom communication also showed a similar trend, with Progressors reporting increased communication and Relapsers reporting decreased communication
Progressors and Maintainers had relatively stable condom use pros, while Non-progressors and Relapsers had decreased condom use pros.
The study suggests that interventions could categorize individuals into consistent and inconsistent condom users and use interventions in order to deal with the problem.
For those inconsistently using condoms, interventions should focus on increasing the advantages of using condoms and promoting communication skills.
For those consistently using condoms, interventions should adhere to a relapse prevention model, aiming to preserve positive attitudes toward condoms, maintain consistent communication, and reinforce the idea of possible HIV.
The book discusses how culture is related to an individual's response to symptoms and acceptance of interventions. A culture's traditions greatly affect how individuals respond to symptoms, how they communicate the symptoms, and the types of medical and public health interventions that they will accept.
social justice: a philosophy that aims to provide fair treatment and a fair share of the reward of society to individuals and groups
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systematic racism: policies and practices that exist throughout a whole society or organization, and that result in and support a continued unfair advantage to some people and unfair or harmful treatment of others based on race
The study analyzed factors influencing high-risk adolescents' adoption of consistent condom use behavior
The transtheoretical model, attempts to explain why and how individuals change and how this change can be predicted and facilitated
Stages of Chance has been used to classify individuals with regard to their adoption of safe behaviors across multiple health domains including smoking, diet, exercise, and condom use
The book discusses the Stages of Change Model which is where people go through a set of incremental stages when changing behavior rather than making significant changes all at once
precontemplation: 1st stage - individual has not considered changing their behavior
contemplation: 2nd stage - individual is thinking about changing behavior
preparation: 3rd stage - individual is developing a plan of action
action phase: 4th stage - change in behavior takes place
maintenance phase: 5th stage - new behavior becomes permanent part of individuals lifestyle
two silent factors for predicting movement towards adoption of safer behavior include efficacy and decisional balance
The study found that people with peer support for safer sex were associated with improvement and maintenance of safer sexual behavior among people with HIV infection and/or hemophilia.
The book discusses providing opportunities to engage in healthy behaviors: the opportunities, or lack of, in our surroundings can have a strong influence on health. For instance, having access to safer sex resources such as condoms can decrease HIV and hemophilia.
Studies on adolescent condom use behavior have limited examination of the longitudinal process of change.
Different groups of adolescents have different condom use patterns, with males using condoms more often than females. Younger teens are more likely to use condoms than older ones, and relationship status also plays a role.
the book defines socioeconomic status: in the United States, a measurement using scales reflecting education, income, and professional status. Socioeconomic status also affects condom usage as those who are of lower socioeconomic status may not have access to condoms or adequate healthcare.
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The study used the Transretinal Model to assess condom use over the past 90 days and intentions to start consistent use. Participants in different stages of change used condoms differently, with those in precontemplation using less than half the time, contemplation using less than half the time, preparation using about half the time, action using more than half the time, and maintenance using condoms always.
The study analyzed adolescents who were not using condoms during their sexual activity at baseline and were categorized as either Progressors or Nonprogressors. Progressors moved towards more consistent condom use, while Nonprogressors remained in the same stage.
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The study found significant baseline differences between Inconsistent Condom Users and Consistent Condom Users, with the Inconsistent group reporting riskier attitudes, peer norms, perceived invulnerability to HIV, and less discussion of condom use, while the Consistent group did not.
The book discusses how norms in society are enforced and how enforced norms can contribute to actions such as condom usage. For instance, if society is not using condoms and this becomes tradition, people are more likely to follow society's norms and culture.
Relapsers reported significant changes in condom use, perceptions of cons, communication, and perceived vulnerability over a 6-month period, compared to maintenance group, without significant differences in alcohol/marijuana use or peer norms
The book discusses how maintaining new behaviors can be difficult, but through consistent education on risky diseases and behaviors, maintenance of new behaviors can become permanent.