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How do Different Forms of Media Effect Reading Comprehension?, Reading…

- - - - Alfatih, Muhammad Fillah, et al. “The Influence of TIKTOK Short-Form Videos on Attention Span and Study Habits of Students in College of Vocational Studies IPB University.” EDUTECH, EduTech Jurnalteknologi Pendidikan, 13 June 2024, ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/edutech/article/view/69229/pdf.
      - Large group of international authors worked in unison and came to a unanimous group conclusion
      - QUOTES
        
        "illustrates the perceptions among students regarding the impact of TikTok usage on their study habits. A substantial majorityy, 22(71%), believe there is a correlation between their TikTok use and their study habits,indicating that these students are aware
        of the potential influence TikTok has on their academic behavior." (paragraph 27)
        
        "Short-form videos have surged in popularity worldwide, illustrating the widespread appeal of immediate gratification and rapid consumption of diverse media
        content." (paragraph 2)
      - MAIN IDEA
        
        TikTok is in some ways an all-encompassing source that is used by most of the world, especially children, and it may be a result in a lowered attention span
      - ARGUEMENT
        
        TikTok greatly effects people's attention span and more often than not they realize this
  - - - Seidel, Niels. “Short, Long, and Segmented Learning Videos: From YouTube Practice to Enhanced Video Players - Technology, Knowledge and Learning.” SpringerLink, Springer Netherlands, 5 July 2024, link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10758-024-09745-2.
      - International author with experience relating to reading techniques
      - QUOTES
        
        "Results showed that segmented videos, with sequences of up to 10 min, resulted in higher learning effects than the non-segmented version of the same video. Participants perceived the segmented videos in conditions (ii) and (iii) better structured. The provided controls in the segmented conditions were utilised to switch between the segments." (paragraph 90)
        
        "The investigation of video length based on the length of the video in educational YouTube channels has shown that there are three groups of videos of different lengths. The largest group represents two-thirds of the videos, which are shorter than about 14 min (DE) and about 23 min (EN). This result shows that the production of short videos has proven itself within the examined sample of YouTube channels." (paragraph 43)
      - MAIN IDEAS
        
        Videos on Youtube are all different lengths, and the length effects how effective the teaching in it is
        
        What is considered long and what is considered short relating to videos is effected by culture
      - ARGUEMENT
        
        The way videos are segmented drastically changes the effectiveness of the learning
- - - - Young children learning through E-books is not a threat but actually may have many advantages as far as reading in schools go
    - - Study assumes that E-books and printed reading cannot be critiqued in the same way since they offer different experiences of intaking information
      - The advantages of using E-books with children need to be discussed
    - - "Two of these reviews [8,9] concluded that e-books and printed books play different roles in learning to read and, therefore, the false dichotomy between these two forms of reading should be eliminated, because they are different experiences of reading". (paragraph 6)
      - "In the present research synthesis, including 14 studies and 1138 children aged 7 years or younger, we found evidence that e-book stories improve phonological awareness and vocabulary as compared to traditional stories and regular school programs. Additionally, well-selected, animated, and interactive e-books presented in contexts and situations carefully designed by researchers showed better outcomes in literacy skills than older types of static digital books. The addition of enhanced conditions in the software and selection of the e-book, as well as the systematic adult planning of intervention sessions, resulted in greater intervention effects than non-enhanced conditions." (paragraph 55)
  - - - It's established that reading on screens is not as effective as printed reading, but the disadvantages are more than expected.
      - Using a device to "read" weakens the mental connection to reading
    - - We need to be more aware of the negative repercussions that using digital media in schools can come with, especially since digital learning seems to be here to stay
    - - "For some students, digital reading was actually detrimental: The researchers found that reading on screens lowered reading comprehension skills among younger students, those in elementary and middle school grades." (Paragraph 3)
      - "Researchers recommend that teachers work together with students to reduce distractions, perhaps by blocking the internet on devices that students use for reading, or putting their phones in another location. Teachers can also encourage students to monitor their own comprehension, setting goals for what they hope to take away from the text." (paragraph 25)
- - - - Reading time frame and text genre moderate the medium effect on comprehension.
      - The advantage of paper-based comprehension has increased over the years since 2000.
      - Paper-based reading yields better comprehension outcomes than digital-based reading.
    - - While it's impossible to completely avoid the digital side of reading and information, the disadvantages and related problems must be kept in mind when using technology for learning/reading.
    - - "Analyses revealed three significant moderators: (1) time frame: the paper-based reading advantage increased in time-constrained reading compared to self-paced reading; (2) text genre: the paper-based reading advantage was consistent across studies using informational texts, or a mix of informational and narrative texts, but not on those using only narrative texts; (3) publication year: the advantage of paper-based reading increased over the years. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed." (paragraph 1)
      - "In sum, the way the media affect reading comprehension outcomes is still unclear. Several researchers have explained screen inferiority under some conditions as being due to people's stronger inclination toward shallow work in digital-based environments than in paper-based ones (see Annisette & Lafreniere, 2017; Wolf & Barzillai, 2009), particularly when the task design indicates its legitimacy, as when working under a limited time frame (Lauterman & Ackerman, 2014; Sidi, Shpigelman, Zalmanov, & Ackerman, 2017)." (paragraph 4)
- - - - "The fact that printed text is anchored to a specific location on a page also seems to help people remember it better than screen-based text, according to more research on the spatial attributes of traditional printed media All this may be relevant to the audiobook vs. book debate because, like digital screens, audiobooks deny users the spatial cues they would use while reading from printed text." (Paragraph 7)
    - - There are many positives to using Audiobooks as well as negatives
      - "Reading" has many dimensions that different forms of media can accentuate or downplay
    - - Digital vs. Print is a complicated discussion with many facets and can't be answered with just one or the other. All of the advantages and disadvantages need to be considered.
- - - - There are psychological implications of digital reading that are not found in print
    - - There isn't enough information to tell whether one form of reading is better than another but it's an incredibly important topic that must be researched
    - - "those who read via the digital
        medium may be reading more than their peers reading in the print medium " (paragraph 47)
      - "Yet another perceptual factor that might play into processing differences between digital and printed text has to do with sequential versus continuous reading - that is, whether a reader must scroll frequently between portions of text or whether reading progresses in a more uninterrupted fashion" (paragraph 8)
  - - - "Furthermore, digital technology has changed the expectations and habits of learners (Curran et al., 2019). TikTok, Twitter, YouTube, and other social media channels have become sources for entertainment, news, and education (Pew Research Center, 2021). This shift has given rise to the popularity of microcontent, which offers easily digestible and engaging information in a matter of minutes. Microcontent is designed to capture attention, foster quick comprehension, and facilitate effortless sharing." (paragraph 3)
      - "some material is too complex to lend itself to microlearning. Because it is heavily dependent on technology, some learners will encounter barriers accessing microlearning resources" (paragraph 26)
    - - Social media reels (including TikTok, Instagram, and YT shorts) utilize an interesting and effective type of information spreading called Microlearning
    - - Microlearning presents a different form of information dissemination that has its own advantages and limitations compared to reading print.