Paper 3 Psychology
Key studies
Research Methods
Exam Techniques
Ethical Consideration
Data and Analysis
Additional Terms
Experimental Methods [Definition: Research design that involves manipulation, contrary to non-experimental methods. This is used to determine the cause and effect relationships by controlling one variable to determine its affect on the other]
Non-Experimental Methods [Definition: A research design that does not involve manipulation of variables. Instead, it is accomplished through measuring variables naturally as they occur.]
Quasi-Experiments
Naturalistic Experiments
Field Experiment
Laboratory Experiments
Observations
Interviews
Overt Observation
Covert Observation
Naturalistic Observation
Structured Interviews
Unstructured interviews
Focus Groups
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Different types of research
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
Sampling Technique [Definition: Methods used to select participants for participating in the research]
Purposive Sample
Snowball sample
Convenience/Opportunity Sample: Participants are selected based if they are readily available and willingness
Random Sample: Samples are selected randomly via through word generator, and therefore every body has a equal chance of being selected.
Definitions of other terms
Target Population
Representativeness
Sample Frame
Sampling Method
Experimental Design: The overall methodology of the procedure of the experiment, including its overall structure, and manipulation of variables
Confederate: An actor or accomplice that is a part of the research team, however, they pretend to be a participants which is often overly used in experiments for social situations
Psychological Harm
Sensitivity
Right to Withdraw
Anonymity
Deception
Bias: Bias can be viewed as systematic errors in data collection, analysis and conclusion/interpretation which can affect the validity of the results.
Sampling Technique: Sampling technique are specific methods that are used to select participants for study
Credibility:: The reliability of research findings, or rather the trustworthiness
Interview Script: A interview script is a set of questions that is completed beforehand, and used for structured interviews to further validate the study with consistency. But downside can be viewed as rather mundane, lack of realism
Generalisability/Transferring Findings: The ability to apply the research findings to a larger population
Triangulation: Triangulation is the approach of using multiple methods or using multiple data sources inorder to enhance the validity of the findings yielded.
Outline: Give a brief account or summary
Describe: Provide a detailed account
Explain: offer a detailed account and use reasons and causes
Discuss: Offer a balanced reviews that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypothesis. Opinions should be presented clearly and supported with evidence
Identify: Provide an answer from a number of possibilities.