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Biology - Coggle Diagram
Biology
Meiosis
Meiosis II
Two rounds of cell division
Genetic ariation through crossing over and independent assortment
Similar to mitosis, separates sister chromatids
Purpose
Reduces chromosomes number by half (haploid cells)
Produces gametes (sperm and eggs)
Phases
Prophase 1
Homologous pairs align
Metaphase 1
Homologous chromosomes separate
Anaphase I
Two haploid cells form
DNA Structure
Double Helix
Antiparallel structure
Composed of 2 strands
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait
Allele
Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome
Genome
The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
The genome encompasses all the chromosomes and their genes
chromosome
A structure made DNA and proteins that contain many genes
They carry genetic information humans have 46 chromosomes
Chromotid
One half of a duplicated chromosome, which is joined to its sister chromatid by a centromere
Chromatids are formed during DNA replication and are separated during mitosis and meiosis
Chromotins
They consist of DNA and proteins that help package the DNA into a compact organized structure within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Bases
Adenin (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Granine (G)
Nucleotide components
Base pairing
A-T C-G
Mitosis
No genetic variation
One round of DNA replication
Phases
Prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Chromosomes align at the cell equator
Metaphase
Sister chromatids seperate
Anaphase
Telophase
Nuclear membranes reform, chromosomes de-condense