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Human Digestive System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Potato, rice, noodle, bread, pasts, biscuit
    - - Egg, bean, milk, meat, tofu
    - - Oil, butter, lard, ghee, avocado, fatty meat, margaraine, :warning: :skull_and_crossbones: peanuts :skull_and_crossbones: :warning:
- - - - Contracts and relaxes to push the food down into the stomach. No physical digestion occurs here.
    - - Chemical digestion in stomach: Contains GASTRIC JUICE which contains hydrochloric acid (kills bacteria and denatures salivary amylase) and PROTEASE (digests proteins into polypeptides).
      - Physical digestion in stomach: Churns to break food into smaller pieces and mixes it with gastric juice
      - Has a thick layer of MUCUS to protect the tissues from damage caused by the hydrochloric acid and proteases.
      - Muscles at both ends of the stomach control the food entering and leaving the stomach
    - - Physical digestion in the mouth: TEETH cut and crush food → increase surface area-to-volume ratio → digest faster and easier to swallow
      - Chemical digestion in the mouth: SALIVARY GLANDS secrete saliva which contains SALIVARY AMYLASE (digests starch to amylase) and softens and lubricates food for easier swallowing.
    - - Chemical digestion in the stomach: Produces numerous enzymes like AMYLASE, MALTASE, PROTEASE AND LIPASE. → Completely digests carbohydrates, proteins and fats
      - Absorbs digested nutrients and most of the water and mineral salts
    - - Rectum (bottom part) → Temporarily holds faeces (indigestible food and waste)
      - Colon (top part)
      - Absorbs remaining mineral salts and water
    - - Expels faeces
- - - - Digested by maltase
        
        Glucose
        
        Used in cells during cellular respiration to produce energy → allowing cells to carry out their functions and for the body to grow
- - - - Digested by protease
        
        Amino acids
        
        Used by cells to make proteins, which help to make new cells and replace dead or damaged cells
- - - - Combines again to form stored fat, which helps keep the body warm and can e oxidised to release energy